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Help:Referencing for beginners without using templates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This help page is ahow-to guide.
It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one ofWikipedia's policies or guidelines, and may reflect varying levels ofconsensus.
See also:Help:Introduction to referencing andHelp:Referencing for beginners with citation templates

Here's a popular reference method which doesn't usetemplates so it speeds loading time.[citation needed]Copy and paste the following immediately after what you want to reference:

<ref>author,[http://example.com/article_link"article_name"],''publisher'', publication_date. Retrieved retrieved_date.</ref>

Put information between the reference markers.Copy and paste the author's name. Paste the publication nameinside the apostrophes so it'sitalicized. Paste the publication date. Inside the brackets[] paste the url first with the article title to theright, and put both url and titleinside the brackets. Remember to leave a blank space between url and title. For example, in editing mode if you type this

This is the fact we're trying to reference about inflation being unlikely in 2010.<ref>Patricia Sabatini,[http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09289/1005873-28.stm"Inflation unlikely to be a threat as economy emerges from recession"],''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', October 16, 2009. Retrieved 2010-01-21.</ref>

You get this:

This is the fact we're trying to reference about inflation being unlikely in 2010.[1]

The reference appears in the "references" section automatically:

  1. ^ Patricia Sabatini,"Inflation unlikely to be a threat as economy emerges from recession",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, October 16, 2009. Retrieved 2010-01-21.

TheRetrieved date is when you fetched the reference; thepublication date is when the article was published. Theurl is the line like ''http://www.etc'';copy and paste the url in if available since it makes it easy for checking references. You can also put in the ISBN, co-author names, page numbers and such; seeciting sources.

That's it! You're done. When editing, you'll see your reference next to the text; but after saving, readers will only see a reference number there; your reference should appear below. Good luck!

If you get a warning about a missing "References" section at the end of the page, just add it:

== References =={{Reflist}}

Experiment on sandbox pages or your user talk page.

Remember many referencing styles are possible. Some editors prefer alternatives (see below). When possible, use the style others prefer. SeeCiting sources for further discussion.

Policies and guidelines
General advice
Citing sources
Inline citations
Help for beginners
Advanced help
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(External links)
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