 | This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Ukrainian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Ukrainian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsUkrainian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Ukrainian distinguishes hard (unpalatalized or plain) and soft (palatalized) consonants (both phonetically and orthographically). Soft consonants, most of which are denoted by a superscript ⟨ʲ⟩, are pronounced with the body of thetongue raised toward thehard palate, like the articulation of they sound inyes.
SeeUkrainian phonology andUkrainian alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Ukrainian.
| Consonants | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hard | Soft | ||||||
| IPA | Examples | English approximations | IPA | Examples | English approximations | ||
| b | бог,крепдеши́н[1] | [bɔɦ]ⓘ,[krebdeˈʃɪn] | boot | bʲ | різьбя́р,бюстга́льтер[2] | [r⁽ʲ⁾izʲˈbʲɑr]ⓘ,[bʲʊzdˈɦɑlʲter]ⓘ | beauty |
| d | дим,футбо́л[1] | [dɪm]ⓘ,[fʊdˈbɔl]ⓘ | do | dʲ | дім,мідь,боротьба́[1] | [d⁽ʲ⁾im]ⓘ,[midʲ]ⓘ,[borodʲˈbɑ]ⓘ | deuce(RP) |
| dz | дзе́ркало,плацда́рм,[1]відста́лий[3] | [ˈdzɛrkɐlo]ⓘ,[plɐdzˈdɑrm],[widzˈstɑlɪj]ⓘ | pads | dzʲ | ґедзь,дзьоб,віне́ць блищи́ть,[1]людськи́й[3] | [ɡɛdzʲ]ⓘ,[dzʲɔb]ⓘ,[wiˈnɛdzʲblɪˈʃtʃɪtʲ],[lʲʊdzʲˈsʲkɪj]ⓘ | pad's yours |
| dʒ | джміль,лічба́,[1]о́тже[3] | [dʒmilʲ]ⓘ,[l⁽ʲ⁾idʒˈbɑ]ⓘ,[ˈɔdʒʒe]ⓘ | jump, ridge | — | |||
| f | фа́рба | [ˈfɑrbɐ]ⓘ | fool | fʲ | фю́рер[2] | [ˈfʲurer] | few |
| ɡ | ґа́нок,рюкза́к[1] | [ˈɡɑnok]ⓘ,[rʲʊɡˈzɑk]ⓘ | good | ɡʲ | Ґю́нтер[2] | [ˈɡʲunter] | Montague |
| ɣ | чахохбі́лі[1] | [tʃɐxoɣˈbil⁽ʲ⁾i] | betweengoodandhood | — | |||
| ɦ | газе́та | [ɦɐˈzɛtɐ]ⓘ | behind | ɦʲ | гю́бріс[2] | [ˈɦʲubr⁽ʲ⁾is] | Donohue |
| — | j | йти,гай,їда́льня | [jtɪ]ⓘ,[ɦɑj]ⓘ,[jiˈdɑlʲnʲɐ]ⓘ | yes | |||
| k | ключ | [klʲutʃ]ⓘ | scar | kʲ | кю́рій[2] | [ˈkʲur⁽ʲ⁾ij]ⓘ | skew |
| l | лось | [lɔsʲ]ⓘ | bell | lʲ | лід,сіль | [l⁽ʲ⁾id]ⓘ,[s⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ]ⓘ | million |
| m | мир | [mɪr]ⓘ | moot | mʲ | тьмя́ний,Мю́нхен[2] | [ˈtʲmʲɑnɪj]ⓘ,[ˈmʲunxen]ⓘ | music |
| n | не́бо | [ˈnɛbo]ⓘ | noon | nʲ | ні́жний,день | [ˈn⁽ʲ⁾iʒnɪj]ⓘ,[dɛnʲ]ⓘ | canyon |
| p | пил | [pɪl]ⓘ | spare | pʲ | ма́впячий,пюре́[2] | [ˈmɑu̯pʲɐtʃɪj]ⓘ,[pʲʊˈrɛ]ⓘ | spew |
| r | лі́кар | [ˈl⁽ʲ⁾ikɐr]ⓘ | trilled r, like inSpanishriesgo | rʲ | рі́чка,буря́к | [ˈr⁽ʲ⁾itʃkɐ]ⓘ,[bʊˈrʲɑk]ⓘ | trilled r, like in Spanishriesgo |
| s | суп,лиш себе́[3] | [sup]ⓘ,[lɪsseˈbɛ] | soup | sʲ | сі́но,вісь,милу́єшся[3] | [ˈs⁽ʲ⁾ino]ⓘ,[wisʲ]ⓘ,[mɪˈlujesʲːɐ] | assume(RP) |
| ʃ | шпари́на,ви́ще,ви́рісши[3] | [ʃpɐˈrɪnɐ]ⓘ,[ˈwɪʃtʃe]ⓘ,[ˈwɪr⁽ʲ⁾iʃːɪ] | shop | — | |||
| t | тин | [tɪn]ⓘ | star | tʲ | тінь,мить | [t⁽ʲ⁾inʲ]ⓘ,[mɪtʲ]ⓘ | stew(RP) |
| ts | цибу́ля,лиш цe[3] | [tsɪˈbulʲɐ]ⓘ,[lɪˈtsːɛ] | cats | tsʲ | ціна́,віне́ць,моро́чся[3] | [ts⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɑ]ⓘ,[wiˈnɛtsʲ]ⓘ,[moˈrɔtsʲsʲɐ] | cat's young |
| tʃ | очере́т,ви́ще,багáтшати[3] | [otʃeˈrɛt]ⓘ,[ˈwɪʃtʃe]ⓘ,[bɐˈɦɑtʃʃɐtɪ] | choose | — | |||
| u̯ | вчи́тель,став[4] | [ˈu̯tʃɪtelʲ]ⓘ,[stɑu̯] | tow | ||||
| v | Афганіста́н[1] | [ɐvɦɐn⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɑn] | vine | ||||
| w | вода́[4] | [woˈdɑ]ⓘ | betweenwineandvine | wʲ | цвях,Вю́рцбурґ[2][4] | [tsʲwʲɑx]ⓘ,[ˈwʲurdzbʊrɡ] | betweenweakandveal |
| x | ховра́х | [xou̯ˈrɑx] | Bach, loch | xʲ | Хюрре́м Султа́н[2] | [xʲʊˈrːɛmsʊlˈtɑn] | Bach yelled |
| z | зуб,бейсбо́л,[1]лиш за́раз[3] | [zub]ⓘ,[bejzˈbɔl]ⓘ,[lɪzˈzɑrɐz] | zoo | zʲ | зі́лля,рі́зьблення,про́сьба,[1]сму́жці[3] | [ˈz⁽ʲ⁾ilʲːɐ]ⓘ,[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾izʲblenʲːɐ]ⓘ,[ˈprɔzʲbɐ]ⓘ,[ˈsmuz⁽ʲ⁾tsʲ⁽ʲi] | presume(RP) |
| ʒ | жи́то,Ви́шгород,[1]безче́сний[3] | [ˈʒɪto]ⓘ,[ˈwɪʒɦorod]ⓘ,[beʒˈtʃɛsnɪj]ⓘ | measure | — | |||
| Vowels | |||||||
| Stressed | Unstressed | ||||||
| IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | ||
| ɑ | гай | [ɦɑj]ⓘ | father | ɐ | гарма́та | [ɦɐrˈmɑtɐ]ⓘ | hug |
| ɛ | день,є | [dɛnʲ]ⓘ,[jɛ]ⓘ | met | e | ефі́рний | [eˈfirnɪj]ⓘ | rate |
| i | кіт,і́кла | [kit]ⓘ,[ˈiklɐ] | meet | i | біле́т | [biˈlɛt]ⓘ | meet |
| ɪ | ми́ша | [ˈmɪʃɐ]ⓘ | bit | ɪ | кра́сний[5] | [ˈkrɑsnɪj]ⓘ | bit |
| ɔ | по́ле,льон | [ˈpɔle]ⓘ,[lʲɔn] | off | o | ору́дний | [oˈrudnɪj]ⓘ | story |
| u | дух,лють | [dux]ⓘ,[lʲutʲ]ⓘ | fool | ʊ | туди́ | [tʊˈdɪ]ⓘ | put |
| Other symbols | |||||||
| IPA | Explanation | ||||||
| ˈ◌ | stress (placed before the stressed syllable) | ||||||
| ˌ◌ | secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable) | ||||||
| ◌ː | gemination (the consonant is pronounced twice as long)[6] | ||||||
| ◌⁽ʲ⁾ | optional nature of consonant palatalization before/i/ | ||||||