Notes

1. ^^abc/k/,/p/ and/t/ are never aspirated, unlike in English; the situation is the same withRomance languages & otherAustronesian languages.
2. ^The⟨ng⟩ cluster in Tagalog is treated as a singular phoneme, being a singularBaybayin character. The medial "ng" sound in other languages such as linger are spelled as the cluster "ngg". Outside the country, both spelling patterns are also observed in theRomanization of Korean.
3. ^^abcThe/r/ phoneme is generally an alveolar rhotic that varies freely between[ɾ],[r] and[ɹ], and it exists as a distinct phoneme mostly in loanwords.
4. ^For native words,/ɾ/ is normally aflapped form of/d/. The two phonemes were separated with the introduction of theLatin script during the Spanish era.
5. ^Some local speakers readts as /tʃ/ except for tatsulok.
6. ^^ab/f/ and/v/ are usually pronounced by younger speakers, who tend to have English-leaning pronunciations. Others would replace for these phonemes with/p/ and/b/, respectively, in a fashion similar tofortition.
7. ^/z/ is sometimes an allophone of/s/ beforevoiced consonants like in Spanish, but in Tagalog, it also sometimes happensafter voiced consonants.
8. ^/a/ is normally pronounced as a central vowel[ä], which is between Englishcat andfather. However, the front variant[a], which is closer tocat may also be used.
9. ^/a/ is relaxed to[ɐ] in unstressed positions and also occasionally in stressed positions in words such as(Inang Bayan[iˈnɐŋˈbɐjɐn]); in most situations,/a/ is relaxed to[ɐ] in unstressed final syllables across word boundaries.
10. ^^ab[ɛ] usually exists in slow or formal speech and may become a mid[ɛ̝] or close mid[e] in normal speech.
11. ^[e,o] are allophones of/i,u/ in final syllables, but they are distinct phonemes in some native words and English and Spanish loanwords.
12. ^^abc[ɪ,ʊ] are allophones of/i,u/ and sometimes/e,o/ (the latter for English and Spanish loanwords) in unstressed initial and medial syllables. SeeTagalog phonology#Vowels and semivowels.
13. ^An allophone of[o] used in stressed syllables or interjections.
14. ^Sometimes replaced by[eː] in casual speech.
15. ^^abcOccurs mostly inBatangas accent.
16. ^Occurs only in loanwords.

See also