Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Help:IPA/Spanish

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Spanish on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Spanish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Spanish

The charts below show how theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsSpanish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA, andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

For terms that are more relevant to regions that have not undergoneyeísmo (where words such ashaya andhalla are pronounced differently), words spelled with⟨ll⟩ can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ʎ⟩. This unmerged pronunciation predominates in the Andes, lowland Bolivia, Paraguay, some rural regions of Spain and some of northern Spain's urban upper class.[1]

For terms that are more relevant to regions that haveseseo (where words such ascaza andcasa are pronounced the same), words spelled with⟨z⟩ or⟨c⟩ (the latter only before⟨i⟩ or⟨e⟩) can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨s⟩. This pronunciation is most commonly found outside mainland Spain.

In all other cases, if a local pronunciation is made, it should be labeled as "local" (e.g.{{IPA|es|...|local}}).

SeeSpanish phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Spanish, andSpanish dialects and varieties for regional variation.

Key

[edit]
Consonants
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
EULA
b[2]bebé,ambos,viva,envíoabout
βbebé,fútbol,viva,apto[3]about,but without lips completely closed
d[2]dedo,andar,aldeaday
ðdedo,arde,sed,ritmo[3]other
f[4]faro,Dafneface
ɡ[2]galgo,lengua,guerraagain
ɣgalgo,signo,águila,acto[3]again,but without the tongue touching the soft palate
ʝ[2][5]haya,bluejeans,managerbeyond
ɟʝ[2][5]ya,enyeso,hielo,jet,ginjet
kcaso,que,kilo,rockscan
lluna,hala,balletlean
m[6]meta,cama,ámbarmother
ɱ[6]inflarcomfort
n[6]ni,cana,sin,álbum,parkingneed
ɲ[6]ñu,caña,cónyugecanyon
ŋ[6]tengosing
ppato,lupaspin
r[7]río,carro,honra,abrogarScottishrun (trilled r)
ɾ[7]brío,caro,poratom (withflapping)
s[4][8][9]saco,casa,está,xenónbetweensipandship (retracted) (EU),sip (LA)
θ[4][9]s[4][8][9]cera,zoo,caza,juzgarthing (EU),sip (LA)
ʃ[10]show,Freixenet,Rocher,beigeshack
ttamizstand
tʃchico,bridgechoose
x[11]jarra,gen,México,[12]hall[13]Scottish loch
ʎ[2][5]lluvia,halla,el yesomillion
Vowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
apasofather
epesoberry
ipiso,y,jeepsee
oposomore
upuso,look,tourcool
 
Semivowels[14]
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
jViena,reyyet
w[15]Huila,auto,argüir,web,ouijawine
 
Stress andsyllabification
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
ˈciudad[θjuˈðað]domain
.mío[ˈmi.o]Leo

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Penny (2000:120, 132, 147)
  2. ^abcdef/b,d,ɡ,ɟʝ/ are pronounced asfricatives orapproximants[β,ð,ɣ,ʝ] in all places except after a pause,/n/ or/m/, or in the case of/d/ and/ɟʝ/, after/l/. In the latter environments, they are stops[b,d,ɡ,ɟʝ] like English⟨b, d, g, j⟩, but are fully voiced in all positions, unlike in English. When it is distinct from/ʝ/,/ʎ/ is realized as an approximant[ʎ] in all positions (Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté 2003:257-8).
  3. ^abcThe distinction between/p,t,k/ and/b,d,ɡ/ is lost in word-internal syllable-final positions. The resulting realization varies from[p,t,k] to[b,d,ɡ] to[β,ð,ɣ] to[ɸ,θ,x], with voiced approximants/fricatives (i.e.[β,ð,ɣ]) being the usual form in conversational style (Hualde 2005:146).
  4. ^abcdWhen preceding a voiced consonant,/s,θ,f,ʃ/ may be voiced ([z,ð,v,ʒ]), but since this is variable (Campos-Astorkiza 2018:174),/s,θ,f,ʃ/ are always transcribed with ⟨s,θ,f,ʃ⟩ in this system.
  5. ^abcMost speakers no longer distinguish/ʎ/ from/ʝ/; the actual realization depends on dialect, however. Seeyeísmo andMartínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
  6. ^abcdeNasals alwaysassimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Beforevelars, they are[ŋ], and beforelabials, they are[m]. The labiodental[ɱ] appears before/f/.
  7. ^abTherhotic consonants,[r] and[ɾ], only contrast word-medially between vowels, where they are usually spelled⟨rr⟩ and⟨r⟩, respectively. Otherwise, they are incomplementary distribution: Word-initially, stem-initially, and after/l,n,s/, only[r] is found; before a consonant or pause, the two are interchangeable, but[ɾ] is more common (hence so represented here). Elsewhere, only[ɾ] is found. When two rhotics occur consecutively across a word or prefix boundary they result in one long trill, which is transcribed with ⟨ɾr⟩ in this key:dar rocas[daɾˈrokas],superrápido[supeɾˈrapiðo] (Hualde 2005:184).
  8. ^abIn much of Hispanic America and in the southern half of Spain,/s/ in syllable-final positions is either pronounced as[h] or not pronounced at all. In transcriptions linked to this key, however, it is always represented by ⟨s⟩.
  9. ^abcNorthern and Central Spain distinguish between⟨s⟩ (/s/) and soft⟨c⟩ or⟨z⟩ (/θ/). Almost all other dialects treat the two as identical, either pronouncing them as/s/ (seseo) inLatin America and some parts ofAndalusia, or as/θ/ (ceceo) in most of Andalusia. In areas with the distinction, the alveolar sibilant is typically moreretracted (often perceived as closer to the sound represented by⟨sh⟩ inship) than in areas withseseo. Seephonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives andMartínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258) for more information.
  10. ^/ʃ/ is used only in loanwords and certain proper nouns. It is nonexistent in many dialects, being realized as[tʃ] or[s]; e.g.show[tʃow]~[sow].
  11. ^/x/ is pronounced as[h] in many accents such as those in the Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands (Hualde 2005:156). It is pronounced as[χ] in northern Peninsular Spanish (Coloma 2012:3, 17).
  12. ^The letter⟨x⟩ represents/x/ only in certain proper names likeXimena and some placenames in current or former Mexico (e.g.Oaxaca andTexas).
  13. ^The letter⟨h⟩ represents/x/ only in loanwords; in native words it is always silent, unless it is a part of the digraph⟨ch⟩.
  14. ^[j,w] are allophones of/i,u/ that manifest when unstressed and adjacent to another vowel. Mid vowels/e,o/ may also be realized as semivowels, as in[ˈpo̯eta,ˈmae̯stɾo] (poeta,maestro). Semivocalic realizations of/e,o/ may in addition be raised to[j,w], as in[ˈpweta,ˈmajstɾo], which is common in Latin America, but stigmatized in Spain (Hualde, Simonet & Torreira 2008:1911). Since both these phenomena are optional and predictable, they are not reflected in transcription ([poˈeta,maˈestɾo]).
  15. ^Some speakers may pronounce word-initial[w] with anepenthetic[ɡ] (e.g.Huila[ˈɡwila]~[ˈwila]).

References

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Spanish&oldid=1317195541"
Category:
Hidden category:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp