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Help:IPA/Gujarati

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This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Gujarati on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Gujarati in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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H:IPA-GUH:IPA-GU

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Gujarati

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsGujarati language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

SeeGujarati phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Gujarati.

Consonants
IPA	Gujarati	IAST	English approximation
b	બ	b	bat
bʱ	ભ	bh	clubhouse
β^[1]	ભ	bh	somewhat like averse
d	દ	d	dog
ð^[1]	ધ	dh	other
dʱ	ધ	dh	redhead
ɖ	ડ	ḍ	American English bird
ɖʱ	ઢ	ḍh	American English birdhouse
dʒ	જ	j	jack
dʒʱ	ઝ	z	hedgehog
f^[1]	ફ	ph	afraid
ɡ	ગ	g	gate
ɡʱ	ઘ	gh	loghouse
ɣ^[1]	ઘ	gh	go,but without completely blocking airflow on theg
h	ઃ	ḥ	head
ɦ	હ	h	ahead
j	ય	y	yak
k	ક	k	scold
kʰ	ખ	kh	cold
l	લ	l	leaf
ɭ	ળ	l	somewhat like Merlin
m	મ	m	much
n	ન	n	not
ɳ	ણ	ṇ	somewhat like burner
ɲ	ઞ	ñ	canyon
ŋ	ઙ	ṅ	bank
p	પ	p	span
pʰ	ફ	ph	pan
ɾ	ર	r	atom (American English)
ɽ^[2]	ડ	ḍ	somewhat like murder
ɽʱ^[2]	ઢ	ḍh	No English equivalent
ɽ̃^[2]	ણ	ṇ	as above, but nasal
s^[3]	સ	s	sue
ʂ^[3]	ષ	ṣ	somewhat like worship
ʃ^[3]	શ	ś	sheep
t	ત	t	stop
tʰ	થ	th	top
ʈ	ટ	ṭ	somewhat like court
ʈʰ	ઠ	ṭh	somewhat liketree
tʃ	ચ	c	catch
tʃʰ	છ	ch	cheese
ʋ	વ	v	vine

Vowels
IPA	Gujarati	IAST	English approximation
ɑ	આ, કા	ā	bra
æ			cash
e	એ, કે	e	pay
ɛ	ઍ, કૅ	â	bed
ə	અ, ક	a	about
i	ઇ/ ઈ, કિ/ કી	i	see
o	ઓ, કો	o	story
ɔ	ઑ, કૉ	ô	off
u	ઉ/ ઊ, કુ/ કૂ	u	cool
əj	ઐ, કૈ	ai	kite
əʋ	ઔ, કૌ	au	house

Other symbols
IPA	Gujarati	IAST	Notes
◌̃	ં	ṃ	nasal vowel ([õː], etc.)
◌̤	◌̤		murmured vowel^[4]
ː			Length: Vowels are long when nasal (e.g.[moʈʈũː]
ˈ			stress (placed before stressed syllable)

Notes

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^dThe voiced aspirated stops/ɡʱ,dʱ,bʱ/ and/pʰ/ havespirant allophones[ɣ,ð,β,f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665)
^^a ^b ^cThe voiced retroflex stops and the nasal/ɖʱ,ɖ,ɳ/ haveflapped allophones[ɽʱ,ɽ,ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97).
^^a ^b ^cWhile there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions[ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and[ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants:[spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658)
^Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for/e/ and/o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662)Mistry (2003:116).

References

[edit]

Cardona, George;Suthar, Babu (2003), "Gujarati", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.),The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge,ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5
Masica, Colin (1991),The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2
Mistry, P.J. (1997), "Gujarati Phonology", in Kaye, A.S (ed.),Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns,ISBN 1-57506-019-1
Mistry, P.J. (2003), "Gujarati", in Frawley, William (ed.),International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press,ISBN 0-19-516784-8

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