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Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese

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This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Astur-Leonese on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Astur-Leonese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Astur-Leonese

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Leonese,Asturian,Extremaduran andMirandese pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA, andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA			Examples	English approximation
AL	E	M	Examples	English approximation
b		b	bota,vida /bida	best
ɸ	ː	b	abdicar	JapaneseFumiko (AL),best (M)
β	β	β	lavida / labida, cabra	between babyand bevy
β	ɸː	β	lasvidas / lasbidas	between babyand bevy (AL,M),JapaneseFumiko (E)
d			de, onda	date
ð	ð	ð	sedo, padre	other
ð	θː	ð	desde	other (AL,M),thing (E)
f	ɸ	f	fueu	face (AL,M),JapaneseFumiko (E)
	h		fierro /hierro /fierro	face (AL,M),hope (E)
	h		nafta	face (AL,M),hope (E)
ɣ~ʁ^[1]	ɡ	ɡ	gata, anguila	got
(g)~ː	ŋ	ɡ	digno, acné	Scottish loch (AL), sing (E),got (M)
ɣ~ʁ	ɣ	ɣ	agora, águila	between agoand ahold
ɣ~ʁ	xː	ɣ	(d)esgracia / zgrácia	between agoand ahold (AL,M),Scottish loch (E)
ʝ(SW:t͡ʃ)	h	ʎ	muyer / mujer / mulhier	beyond (AL),hope (E), million (M)
ʝ	ʝ	j	oye / oyi	beyond
ɟʝ	dʒ	ʒ	cónyuxe / cónyuji / cónjuge	endure (AL), injure,Polishdźwięk (E),genre,Polishźrebię (M)
k			cun,que,cual /qual	scan
l	l	l	salir	lip
l	ɾ	l	alto	lip (AL,M),US ladder (E)
		l̩	l^[2]	bottle
ʎ, (‹ḷḷ›SW:t͡ɕ,CS:t͡s)			llingua /lhéngua	million
m			mes, amar	mother
n (‹ñ›EA,CA:ɲ)	n		naide~ñaide,nada~ñada	canyon
n			naide, sana	need
ŋ			pinga, en, álbum / álbun^[3]	sing
ɲ^[4]^[5]			años / anhos	canyon
ɲ			añus / anhos	canyon
p			pero	spouse
r	r	r	rato, carro	rolled r
ɾ	r	ɾ	mar	US atom (AL,M),rolled r (E)
ɾ	ɾ	ɾ	trato, caro	US atom
s	s	s̺	sol, pasu / passo	betweensipandship (retracted),Polishszyć^[6]^[7]
	h	s̺	estar / estal /star	betweensipandship (retracted),Polishszyć (AL,M),[6]^[7]hope (E)
	ð	z̺	casa / cada	betweensipandship (retracted),Polishszyć (AL),[6]^[7] other (M),betweenzoneandgenre (retracted),Polishżyć (E)[6]^[7]
z	ɦ	z̺	esmeráu /smerado	betweenzoneandgenre (retracted),Polishżyć (AL,M),[6]^[7]hope (E)
t			tolos, ocho / uito	stand
tʃ			chano, ocho / uito	catch,Polishćma
v	ɦ	f	afgano	of (AL,M),hope (E)
θ	ː	d	admira, ritmo	thing (AL),date (M)
	θ	s̻	cielos	thing (AL,E),sip,Polishsyty (M)
	h	s̻	paz / paç	thing (AL),hope (E),sip,Polishsyty (M)
	ð	z̻	decir / idel / dezir	thing (AL), other (E),zone,Polishzamek (M)
ð	ɦ	z̻	paz / paç de la tierra	smooth (AL),hope (E),zone,Polishzamek (M)
ʃ~ʃj^[8]	s	ʃ	xorda /sorda	ship,Polishśnieg (AL,M),[7]betweensipandship (retracted),Polishszyć (E)[6]^[7]
	h	ʃ	caxa / caja	ship,Polishśnieg (AL,M),[7]hope (E)
	h	ʒ	axunto / ajunto, orixe / ourige	ship,Polishśnieg (AL),[7]hope (E),genre,Polishźrebię (M)[7]

Dialectal consonants of Asturian and Leonese^{[clarification needed]}
IPA	Examples	English approximation
AL	Examples	English approximation
h	ḥierro	ham
ɖ	ḷḷingua, patsuezu (in some local orthographies)^[9]	guard
ɖʐ		somewhat like budgebutretroflex,Polishdżem
ʈʂ		somewhat like catchbutretroflex,Polishczekać
ts	otso (ocho / oito)	between catsand catch (retracted),Polish czekać
c	muyyer^[10]	cute
cç		cute
ɟʝ		endure

Vowels
IPA			Examples	English approximation
AL	E	M	Examples	English approximation
a		a	cacho, pá	father
a		ɐ	cachico^[11]	tub
e		e	senu / seno, pie / piê	pay
		e	bezu / beç, sé	bet
		ɨ	cebada	roses
ɪ		e̞	lleche (llechi^[11]), lheite	kit (AL,E), roses (M)
i			chícharo	see
o		o	puerta / puôrta	story
o		ʊ	costiella / costiêlha	influence
ʊ		ʊ	^{[example needed]}^[11]	influence
u			pruma	cool
Dialectal vowels
ɛ			^{[example needed]}	bet
ɔ			^{[example needed]}	dog

Semivowels^[12]
IPA			Examples	English approximation
AL	E	M	Examples	English approximation
j			fierru / fierro	you / boy
w			puerta / puorta	wine / cow

Suprasegmentals
IPA			Examples	English approximation
AL	E	M	Examples	English approximation
ˈ			^{[example needed]}	primary stress, as inexplanation
ˌ			^{[example needed]}	secondary stress, as inexplanation
.			^{[example needed]}	syllable break, as inreuse
ː			esti[ˈehtːɪ]	consonant gemination
Diacritics
		◌̃	antes, cun^[13]	nasal vowel^[13]

Notes

[edit]

^Muñiz Cachón, Carmen (2003)."Rasgos fónicos del español hablado en Asturias"(PDF).Archivum: Revista de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (in Spanish) (52–53). Universidad de Oviedo: 345.ISSN 0570-7218.
^In Mirandese, the articlel (the) is pronounced[l̩] (phonemically/ɨl/).
^In Extremaduran,/n/ is the only final consonant that is always pronounced.
^In some of the Westernmost Asturian and Leonese varieties, Latin nn is not palatized, thus we getanos instead ofaños, like Galician and Portuguese.
^Central and most of Eastern Asturian palatizes n's in front of Latin (or Celtic) long vowels, thus we getfariña (‹FARĪNA) andboroña (‹BORŪNA) where the rest of varieties havefarina andborona.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fThe Mirandese contrast between the apical[s̺,z̺] and the laminal[s̻,z̻] is neutralized in favor of the former in Asturian, Leonese and Extremaduran, where the apical diacritic is not used for the sake of simplicity. The laminal[s̻,z̻] are the ordinary alveolar sibilants found inFrench,German,Mandarin Chinese and theSlavic languages.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^jThe contrast between the apical/s̺,z̺/, the laminal/s̻,z̻/ and the palato-alveolar/ʃ,ʒ,tʃ/ found in Mirandese is similar to the contrast between/ʂ,ʐ/,/s,z/ and/ɕ,ʑ,tɕ/ in Polish.
^In certain contexts, specially in Central Asturian and urban Asturian in general.
^Varies from avoiced retroflex affricate to avoiceless retroflex affricate and, in southwestern Asturian dialects, avoiced retroflex plosive.
^"Tinéu. Mapa del conceyu | El Teixu" (in Spanish). Retrieved2019-11-24.
^^a ^b ^cMany dialects allow only/a/,/i/ and/u/ in final unstressed syllables.
^Thesemivowels[j] and[w] can be combined with most vowels to formdiphthongs andtriphthongs.
^^a ^bMirandese has the following nasal vowels:/ɐ̃/,/ɛ̃/,/ĩ/,/ɨ̃/,/õ/ and/ũ/.

References

[edit]

Leonese

Asociación Cultural Faceira (2012).Xurdir. Guía gramatical de leonés (in Spanish). Asociación Cultural Faceira.
"Curso basico de Llionés" (in Spanish).

Asturian

García Arias, Xosé Lluis (2003).Gramática histórica de la lengua asturiana (in Spanish). Academia de la Llingua Asturiana.
"Gramática de la Llingua Asturiana"(PDF) (in Asturian).

Extremaduran

"La fonética de las hablas extremeñas"(PDF) (in Spanish).

"El habla en Extremadura"(PDF) (in Spanish).

Mirandese

"Convenção Ortográfica da Língua Mirandesa"(PDF) (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Miranda do Douro / Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa.

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