Helen Tracy Lowe-Porter | |
|---|---|
 Lowe-Porter in 1920 | |
| Born | Helen Tracy Porter June 15, 1876 Towanda, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | April 26, 1963(1963-04-26) (aged 86) Princeton, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Education | Wells College, Class of 1898[1] |
| Known for | Translator ofThomas Mann |
| Spouse | Elias Avery Lowe |
| Children | 3 |
| Relatives | James Fawcett (son in-law) Charlotte Johnson Wahl (granddaughter) Edmund Fawcett (grandson) Boris,Rachel &Jo Johnson (great‑grandchildren) |
Helen Tracy Lowe-Porter (néePorter; June 15, 1876 – April 26, 1963)[2] was an American translator and writer, best known for translating almost all of the works ofThomas Mann for their first publication in English.[3]
Helen Tracy Porter was the daughter of Clara (née Holcombe) and Henry Clinton Porter. She was the niece ofCharlotte Endymion Porter, editor ofPoet Lore, a poetry journal, and an expert onShakespeare andElizabeth andRobert Browning.[4] She completed early schooling in nativeTowanda, Pennsylvania and attendedWells College inAurora, New York, graduating in 1898 as a member ofPhi Beta Kappa.[1] She worked with her aunt to prepare works ofEnglish literature for republication.[1] She married the paleographerElias Avery Lowe in 1911. The couple lived inOxford; after 1937, their residence was inPrinceton, New Jersey. Their great-grandson isBoris Johnson, the formerPrime Minister of the United Kingdom.[5]
For more than two decades, Lowe-Porter had exclusive rights to translate the works ofThomas Mann from German into English. She was granted these rights in 1925 byAlfred A. Knopf.[6]
In her essay "On Translating Thomas Mann", Lowe-Porter discussed translating Mann's novels, and expressed some thoughts on translating generally. She wrote, for example, that in translating the second volume of Mann's Joseph series,Young Joseph, she had "been forced—since the English version was for both markets [British and American]—to emasculate the style, in some degree, taking care to write only what would be acceptable literary usage on both sides of the ocean".[7] She also said, in her note to her translation ofDer Zauberberg (The Magic Mountain):
[T]he violet has to be cast into the crucible, the organic work of art to be remoulded in another tongue.... [S]ince in the creative act word and thought are indivisible, the task was seen to be one before which artists shrink and logical minds recoil.[8]
She wrote an original play,Abdication, which received its first production inDublin in September 1948.[9] It was "a thinly-veiled portrait ofEdward VIII's dethroning" and was published by Alfred A. Knopf.[10]
Lowe-Porter's translations of Thomas Mann works include the following (dates in brackets refer to the German publication, the dates after to the English-language translations).
For decades, Lowe-Porter's translations of Mann were the only versions that existed in the English-speaking world, aside fromHerman George Scheffauer's. Mann expressed his appreciation to Lowe-Porter for her work, nicknaming her "die Lowe", but also added the caveat, "insofar as my linguistic knowledge suffices". CriticTheodore Ziolkowski said of Lowe-Porter's translation of Mann'sBuddenbrooks:
Lowe-Porter provided a valuable service by making Mann's novel initially accessible to the English and American publics.[11]
Other commentaries on her translations have included the following:
The Lowe-Porter translations of Thomas Mann, despite occasional inaccuracies almost inevitable in works of such length and complexity, convey the ironic and pyrotechnical style of the original with great effectiveness.[12]
Despite minor inaccuracies, misreadings, and possible errors of judgment (to which all translators are subject, whatever they may say), Lowe-Porter's translations are widely beloved and have become classics in their own right, to stand besideConstance Garnett's Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky andScott Moncrieff's Proust. She is indisputably, in quantity as in quality, one of the great translators of our time.[13]
Thomas Mann and Proust were lucky in their translators.[14]
Though early reviewers were generally impressed by the relative readability of Lowe-Porter's English and by the sheer scale of the task, from the 1950s on doubts were expressed about the accuracy of the translations, culminating in Timothy Buck's study which led him to conclude that they constituted "grossly distorted and diminished versions"[15] of Mann's work, and that "the loss, not only of accuracy but also of quality, is inestimable."[15] Not only was her grasp of German so shaky that she made countless elementary errors of comprehension, but she also made frequent omissions and additions and unnecessarily simplified Mann's characteristic complex syntax.[16] A review ofJohn E. Woods' translation of Mann'sBuddenbrooks states that, in her translation of the novel, Lowe-Porter "leveled Mann's colorful variety of speech into a uniformly even style, in certain cases simply omitting passages. As a result, much of the novel's humor was lost."[17]
A new assessment of the English translations of Thomas Mann within the framework of modern descriptive-analytical translation studies has been provided by David Horton.[18] Horton seeks to move beyond an exclusively error-based evaluation of literary translation, examines various salient dimensions of versions by Lowe-Porter,David Luke, andJohn E. Woods, and demonstrates that Lowe-Porter's approach to translation was in keeping with the practice prevalent at the time.[19] A review of Horton's book concludes, "Not the least of Horton's accomplishments is to rehabilitate [Lowe-Porter's] reputation...."[20]
