Heart disease in India refers to the spectrum ofcardiovascular diseases affecting the population ofIndia. It has emerged as a leading cause ofmorbidity andmortality in the country, accounting for a significant and growing public health burden.[1] Cardiovascular diseases have surpassedinfectious diseases as the primary cause of death in India, reflecting a majorepidemiological transition over the past few decades.[2]
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in India has increased substantially. Studies indicate that cardiovascular diseases affect Indians at a younger age compared to populations in high-income countries, often occurring 5-10 years earlier and frequently striking during an individual's most productive years.[3] The burden of these diseases is no longer confined tourban areas or affluent sections of society; there is a growing incidence inrural areas and among lower socioeconomic groups, although regional variations exist across different states.[4]
Severalrisk factors contribute to the high burden of heart disease in India. These include traditional factors such ashypertension,diabetes mellitus (which has a high prevalence in India),dyslipidemia (abnormal cholesterol levels),tobacco use (both smoking andsmokeless tobacco), unhealthydiets characterized by high intake of salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats, low levels ofphysical activity, and rising rates ofobesity.[5][6] Additionally, factors such asair pollution (both ambient and household),psychological stress, and a potentialgenetic predisposition among South Asians are increasingly recognized as significant contributors.[3]
The Brown Heart, a documentary, streaming onDisney+ Hotstar is based on prevalence of heart disease among south Asians.[7]
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