Headquarters (commonly referred to asHQ) denotes the location where most or all of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In theUnited States, thecorporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of acorporation taking full responsibility for managing all business activities.[1] In theUnited Kingdom, the termheadoffice (or HO) is most commonly used for the headquarters of large corporations. Theintended benefit of headquarters is to carry out purposeful regulatory capacity.[2][3][a] The term is also used regardingmilitary organizations.
A headquarters is the entity at the top of acorporation that takes full responsibility for the overall success of the corporation, and ensurescorporate governance.[1] Thecorporate headquarters is a key element of a corporate structure and covers different corporate functions includingstrategic planning,corporate communications,tax,legal operations,marketing,finance,human resources,information technology, andprocurement. This entity includes thechief executive officer (CEO) as a key person and their support staff such as the CEOoffice and other CEO-related functions; the "corporate policy making" functions, including all corporate functions necessary to steer the firm by defining and establishing corporate policies; the corporate services encompassing activities that combine or consolidate certain enterprise-wide needed support services, provided based upon specialized knowledge, best practices, and technology to serve internal (and sometimes external)customers and business partners; and the bidirectional interface between corporate headquarters and business units.
A headquarters normally includes the leader ofa business unit and their staff, as well as all functions to manage the business unit and operational activities. The head of the business unit is responsible for overall result of the business unit.
A headquarters sometimes functions at the top of a regional unit, including all activities of the various business units, taking full responsibility for overall profitability and success of this regional unit.
Military headquarters take many forms, depending on the size and nature of the unit orformation they command. Typically, they are split into the forward, main and rear components, both withinNATO nations, and those following the organization and doctrine of the formerSoviet Union (see Isby, 1988).
The forward or tactical headquarters, known as "tac" for short, is a small group of staff and communicators. Usually very mobile, they exist to allow the commander to go forward in an operation, and command the key parts of it from a position where they can see the ground and influence their immediate subordinates.
The main HQs (known as 'main') is less mobile and is involved in both the planning and execution of operations. There are a number of staff assembled here from various staff branches to advise the commander, and to control the various aspects of planning and the conduct of discrete operations. A main HQ for a large formation will have achief of staff (CoS) who coordinates the staff effort; in a smaller HQ this may be done by thesecond-in-command.
The rear or logistic headquarters is some distance from the battle or front line in conventional operations. Its function is to ensure the logistical support to front line troops, which it does by organizing the delivery of combat supplies,materiel and equipment to where they are needed, and by organizing services such as combat medicine, equipment recovery, and repair.[4]
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The headquarters of theCatholic Church isVatican City. The World Headquarters ofJehovah's Witnesses is relocated inWarwick, New York, from its former location,Brooklyn, New York. The headquarters of theRussian Orthodox Church is inDanilov Monastery,Moscow. TheWorld Council of Churches, including Orthodox Churches, has its headquarters inGeneva,Switzerland. The headquarters ofEcumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is located inIstanbul,Turkey. The headquarters ofthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is located inSalt Lake City,Utah. TheAnglican Communion Office is inLondon.
InJapanesebudō martial arts such askarate,judo,aikido,kendo, etc., there is usually a headquarters for each organization or region.[5] The Japanese wordhonbu (本部)[6] is generally used for that, also outsideJapan. Sometimes they refer to these headquarters ashonbu dojo (本部道場) in whichdojo (道場) is a facility provided for practicing discipline, the training ground. Sometimeshonbu is written ashombu, the way it is pronounced, but theHepburn transcription ishonbu in which the 'n' is asyllabic n.[citation needed]
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