Hexian 和县 | |
|---|---|
 Hexian in Ma'anshan | |
| Coordinates:31°44′N118°21′E / 31.74°N 118.35°E /31.74; 118.35 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Anhui |
| Prefecture-level city | Ma'anshan |
| Established | August 2011 |
| County seat | Liyang |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,319 km2 (509 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 410,899 |
| • Density | 310/km2 (810/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time) |
| Postal Code | 238200 |
| Website | http://www.hx.gov.cn/ |
He County orHexian (simplified Chinese:和县;traditional Chinese:和縣;pinyin:Hé Xiàn) is acounty in the east ofAnhui Province,China, under the jurisdiction ofMa'anshan. It has a population of 650,000 and an area of 1,412 square kilometres (545 sq mi). The government of He County is located in Liyang Town.
From 1965 to 2011, He County was under the jurisdiction ofChaohu. On August 22, 2011, theAnhui provincial government reorganized the province and split Chaohu into three parts that were absorbed by neighboringprefecture-level cities.[1][2]
He County is located on the northern bank of theYangtze River. He County bordersChuzhou to the northwest,Nanjing to the northeast, the three urban districts ofMa'anshan to the east,Wuhu to the south, andHanshan County to the west.
He County has a total area of 1318.6 square kilometers (509 sq mi), of which 48% is arable land. He County is situated on theYangtze Plain and has relatively flat terrain in the southeast, with ponds dotting thealluvial plains, with the northwest of the county consisting of rolling hills.
| Climate data for Hexian, elevation 23 m (75 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) | 28.3 (82.9) | 30.1 (86.2) | 33.8 (92.8) | 35.6 (96.1) | 38.0 (100.4) | 38.7 (101.7) | 39.4 (102.9) | 38.0 (100.4) | 34.4 (93.9) | 28.7 (83.7) | 22.1 (71.8) | 39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) | 10.2 (50.4) | 15.3 (59.5) | 21.7 (71.1) | 26.9 (80.4) | 29.6 (85.3) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 28.2 (82.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 16.6 (61.9) | 10.0 (50.0) | 21.2 (70.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) | 5.9 (42.6) | 10.5 (50.9) | 16.7 (62.1) | 22.1 (71.8) | 25.4 (77.7) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.1 (82.6) | 23.8 (74.8) | 18.3 (64.9) | 11.9 (53.4) | 5.7 (42.3) | 16.7 (62.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.4 (32.7) | 2.5 (36.5) | 6.7 (44.1) | 12.3 (54.1) | 17.8 (64.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 20.5 (68.9) | 14.6 (58.3) | 8.3 (46.9) | 2.4 (36.3) | 13.2 (55.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.2 (15.4) | −10.4 (13.3) | −4.4 (24.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | 8.5 (47.3) | 12.6 (54.7) | 18.6 (65.5) | 16.5 (61.7) | 12.4 (54.3) | 3.1 (37.6) | −4.5 (23.9) | −11.8 (10.8) | −11.8 (10.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 53.9 (2.12) | 61.0 (2.40) | 84.9 (3.34) | 90.1 (3.55) | 87.1 (3.43) | 189.2 (7.45) | 197.2 (7.76) | 154.9 (6.10) | 71.5 (2.81) | 53.3 (2.10) | 56.0 (2.20) | 36.6 (1.44) | 1,135.7 (44.7) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.3 | 9.7 | 11.4 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 12.2 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 119 |
| Average snowy days | 3.7 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 8.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 73 | 72 | 71 | 69 | 70 | 76 | 78 | 79 | 77 | 73 | 73 | 71 | 74 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 112.8 | 112.6 | 163.2 | 184.9 | 193.1 | 161.5 | 202.6 | 194.9 | 156.5 | 157.7 | 139.9 | 129.6 | 1,909.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 35 | 36 | 44 | 47 | 45 | 38 | 47 | 48 | 43 | 45 | 45 | 42 | 43 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[3][4] | |||||||||||||
He County has jurisdiction to 9 towns.[5] Its 1 former town and 4 former townships were merged to other towns.
| Catalogno. | PA830-PA835 PA 840-PA841 |
|---|---|
| Common name | Hexian |
| Species | Homo erectus |
| Age | 412±25 ka |
| Place discovered | China |
| Date discovered | 1980, May-June 1981 |
| Discovered by | IVPP team |
The human remains discovered at Hexian includes avault,cranial fragments,mandibular, anddental elements catalogued asPA830-PA835 andPA840-PA845. The site containinghominin material was excavated in 1980 and May through June 1981 byIVPP teams alongside many other transitionalmammalian fossils in layer 4 ofLongtan Cave.[6][7] Cui and Wu (2015) suggest that although the site is around 400 ka, betterdating will be required.[8] It was once calledHomo erectus hexianensis,[9] but other studies suggest that the differences in the specimen are not differentiating on the subspecies-level.[10]
Theskull (PA830) was discovered in several fragments lacking most of thebasicranium. In 1982, theendocast was reconstructed and thecranial capacity was measured to be 1025. Thefrontal andtemporal lobes are almost complete, while theparietal andoccipital lobes are complete. Otherwise, the exterior specimen is very well preserved.[10] During the 1981 excavations, a rightsupraorbital torus andparietal were reported.[6] The thickness, profile, brow, and distinct nuchal-occipital boundary are alike ChineseHomo erectus. However, a lack ofpostorbital constriction, increased width, a curvedsagittal profile, a long parietal, and a high temporal are unlike these groups. Aside from thevault, two parietals, PA840 and PA841, are known.[8]
Thedental-mandibular remains were discovered in 1980 alongside the vault in excavation pit 3C. The mandible is PA831, and four isolated teeth are PA832, PA833, PA834-1, and PA834-2; PA835 is another tooth.[6] 831 is a mandible with M2 and M3 in place, with a P3-P4septum remaining in place. The mandible is thought to belong to a young adult individual, butsex estimation is not possible. Themandibular body was robust, and a well-differentiatedmylohyoid line and a posteriorly-positioned lateral prominence are derived traits. Overall, the mandible has noNeanderthal traits, but quite similar toHomo antecessor. The teeth are characteristic ofHomo erectus.[7]
Liuet al. (2017) suggest that the Hexian hominins either belong to the same robust-jawedpaleodeme as thePenghu hominin, or a robustmorph of mainlandHomo erectus. Overall, the morph displays primitive traits that is roughly contemporaneous with the hominins atZhoukoudian.[7] Wuet al. (2006) suggest that the differences are on account of localvariation rather thansubspecies-level differences, and that the Zhoukoudian sample is not representative of thetaxon's full diversity.[10] In comparison with Zhoukoudian, the Hexian crania are derived in the frontal and posterior regions, but derived towardsIndonesian populations in the lateral region. Cui and Wu (2015) suggest that these are either retentions or gene flow between regions.[8]
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