| Type | Privateblackseminary |
|---|---|
| Active | March 1883–1927 |
Religious affiliation | Colored Methodist Episcopal Church |
| Location | ,, United States |
Haygood Seminary, also known asHaygood Academy, was aseminary nearWashington, Arkansas, United States. It was established by theColored Methodist Episcopal Church (CME Church, now Christian Methodist Episcopal Church) to trainAfrican Americans in Arkansas for a career in theclergy. It was one of the first such institutions established by the CME Church. In 1927, the school relocated toJefferson County, Arkansas, where it operated asArkansas-Haygood Industrial College before closing duringWorld War II.
The school was organized in March 1883 by theColored Methodist Episcopal Church (CME Church) congregation inWashington, Arkansas.[note 1] This congregation had been formed in 1867, three years before the formation of the national CME Church in 1870.[1] The idea for the school was pushed for by John Williamson, a former slave whose owner, Samuel Williamson, was aPresbyterian preacher.[1] Williamson pushed for the congregation to support a new educational institution and named the school the Haygood Institute, afterAtticus Greene Haygood, a bishop in theMethodist Episcopal Church, South, president ofEmory College inAtlanta, and a supporter of education for African Americans.[1] The seminary was under the direction of the CME Church's Little Rock Conference.[4]
The school was established roughly 1 mile (1.6 km) southwest of Washington, in a two-story wooden building on a 10-acre (4.0 ha) campus.[1] Henry Bullock served as the president of the school's board of trustees and was a large supporter of the school.[1][5] Though the early 1890s, the school expanded to include anelementary department and had had several principals through that time, including Josie Beebe, Ida M. Lane, and H. R. Pickney.[1] In early 1894, the school had its first recorded graduating class, consisting of Frank Carter, Oliver Mitchell, and Bradley R. Williamson.[1] Also by this time, the school had established itself as one of the premier educational institutes for African Americans in the area betweenPhilander Smith College inLittle Rock, Arkansas, andTexas College inTyler, Texas.[1] Haygood Seminary's property at the time was valued at $5,000.[1]
In late 1894, the Reverend George L. Tyus, a graduate fromPaine College inAugusta, Georgia, and the first African American man insouthwest Arkansas to hold an earned academic degree, became the president of the seminary.[1] His time in this position included significant growth for the institution, including the acquisition of a 70-acre (28 ha) farm that students could work on to gain experience and to pay for their education.[1] There was also an increase in othervocational educational opportunities for students.[1] Several new buildings were constructed for the school, including ablacksmith's shop, and classes were offered to teach brick masonry, carpentry, millinery, and sewing.[1] Additionally, a twelve-room, two-story girls' dormitory was built and named Tyus Hall, in honor of the president.[1] In 1908, the school had 166 students and five teachers, with annual expenses of roughly $5,000.[4] Tyus left Haygood Seminary in 1910 to become the president of Texas College.[1]
On February 8, 1915, a fire destroyed several buildings on the campus.[1][2] Around the same time, the CME Church felt that a better location was needed for a church-supported educational institute in the area.[1] In 1915, they founded the Arkansas-Haygood Industrial College on 300 acres (120 ha) of land roughly 5 miles (8.0 km) south ofPine Bluff, Arkansas, with the college's first classes beginning in 1922.[1] However, the seminary near Washington continued to operate, with a new building constructed at the school in 1921 named Williamson's Hall.[1] By 1927, the seminary had completely relocated to the Pine Bluff location, with the remaining buildings at the old location being sold to the Washington Public School District.[1] From 1919 to 1928,Dominion Robert Glass served as the president of Arkansas–Haygood Industrial College.[6]
The school district operated Lincoln High School, the county's public high school for African Americans, at the site.[1] The last original building from Haygood Seminary, Williamson's Hall, was demolished in 1955.[1] Meanwhile, Arkansas-Haygood Industrial College continued to operate until it closed duringWorld War II.[1]