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Haut-Rhin (French pronunciation:[oʁɛ̃]ⓘ)[3] is adepartment in theGrand Estregion, France, bordering bothGermany andSwitzerland. It is named after the riverRhine. Its name meansUpper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrativeAlsace region, the other beingBas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as theTerritoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest ofmetropolitan France. It had a population of 767,083 in 2021.[4]
Haut-Rhin is one of the original 83 départements, created during theFrench Revolution, on 4 March 1790 through the application of the law of 22 December 1789 in respect of the southern half of theprovince ofAlsace (Haute-Alsace).
Haut-Rhin is bordered by theTerritoire de Belfort andVosgesdépartements and theVosges Mountains to the west, theBas-Rhindépartement to the North, Switzerland to the south and its eastern border with Germany is also theRhine. In the centre of thedépartement lies a fertile plain. The climate is semi-continental.
The most populous commune isMulhouse; the prefectureColmar is the second-most populous. As of 2021, there are 11 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:[4]
Haut-Rhin is one of the richest Frenchdépartements.Mulhouse is the home of theStellantis Mulhouse Plant automobile factory, where thePeugeot 2008 andPeugeot 508 are currently built. The lowest unemployment rate in France can be found in the Southern Sundgau region (approximately 2%). The countryside is marked by hills. ManyHaut-Rhinois work in Switzerland, especially in the chemical industries ofBasel, but commute from France where living costs are lower. However, the region does have some of France's worst socio-economic inequalities; Mulhouse has long been one of France's poorest major cities.
Alsace and the adjacentMoselle department have alegal system slightly different from the rest of France. The statutes in question date from the period 1871–1919 when the area was part of theGerman Empire. With the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France by theTreaty of Versailles in 1919, Paris accepted that Alsace and Moselle should retain some local laws in respect of certain matters, especially with regard to hunting, economic life, local government relationships, health insurance and social rights. It includes notably the absence of anyformal separation between church and state: several mainstream denominations of the Christian church benefit from state funding, in contrast to principles applied in the rest of France.
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