Hassan Modarres | |
|---|---|
حسن مدرس | |
.jpg) Photograph of Hassan Modarres byAntoin Sevruguin, c. 1930s | |
| Member of the Parliament | |
| In office 11 July 1926 – 13 August 1928 | |
| Monarch | Reza Shah |
| Constituency | Tehran |
| In office 11 February 1924 – 11 February 1926 | |
| Monarchs | Reza Shah Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Constituency | Tehran |
| Majority | Ranked 1st |
| In office 22 June 1921 – 11 June 1923 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Constituency | Tehran |
| In office 6 December 1914 – 13 November 1915 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Constituency | Tehran |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Seyyed Hassan Tabatabaei Ardestani سید حسن طباطبایی اردستانی c. 1870 |
| Died | 1 December 1937(1937-12-01) (aged 67) |
| Nationality | Iranian |
| Political party |
|
| Alma mater | Najaf Seminary |
| Occupation | Teacher |
Hassan Modarres (Persian:سید حسن مدرس;c. 1870,Sarabeh – 1 December 1937,Kashmar) was an IranianTwelverShi'a cleric and a notable supporter of theIranian Constitutional Revolution. He was among the founding members, along withAbdolhossein Teymourtash, of the reformist partyHezb-e Eslaah-talab, which was formed during the fourth nationalMajlis of Iran. He has been called "brave and incorruptible" and "perhaps the most ferventcleric supporter of true constitutional government".[1]
The sources disagree on his birthplace. Some mention that he was born inArdestan around 1870,[citation needed]while others mention that he was born in a village named Sarābe-Kachou (Persian:سرابهکچو) near Ardestan in the early 1870s, and that he moved toShahreza when he was six.[2]
Having studiedIslamic sciences inIsfahan andNajaf, Modarres became a religious teacher in an Isfahan'smadrasa. The name Modarres, which means "teacher", is because of his job there. In 1910, he was chosen by Najaf's cleric community and sent toTehran to supervise the laws passed by the Majlis, to make sure they did not violate the rules ofsharia. Later, in 1914, he was elected as a Majlis representative of Tehran.[3]
In 1916, duringWorld War I, he migrated toIraq,Syria, andTurkey together with a handful of other politicians, and served as the Minister of Justice in a cabinet formed in exile by Nezam os-Saltaneh. After returning to Iran, he was elected in the Majlis elections a few more times. Modarres fought against the presence of British forces in Persia, vigorously opposing theproposed 1919 agreement that would have transformed Iran into a British protectorate.[4]
In the early 1920s, he played a role in preventingReza Khan (the prime minister at the time) from abolishing the monarchy (theQajar dynasty) and declaring a republic, and less successfully opposed Reza Khan's deposing of the Qajar dynasty in 1925. Sayyed Modaress was openly critical of Reza Shah's rule and was placed under imprisonment in retaliation for his criticisms. A few years after a November 1926 assassination attempt against him, Modarres was expelled toKhaf and later toKashmar.[3]
Ruhollah Khomeini, who later became theSupreme Leader of Iran after theIranian Revolution, was affected by him.[5]
He was killed in prison in December 1937. His death is regarded as martyrdom and the martyrdom day (10th ofAzar) is known in Iran as Majlis day (day of theparliament). According toTasnim he was poisoned in prison and then suffocated while praying.[6]
The Tomb of Sayyid Hassan Modarres is the burial site of Seyyid Hassan Modarres, former prime minister ofIran. It was built in 1937 inKashmar, Iran, as opposed to using the former tomb of Kashmar in the vast gardens of Kashmar. The tomb building consists of a central dome, four dock and a dome made of turquoise, in the style ofIslamic architecture andSafavid architecture.
The Hassan Modarres Museum is a Museum belongs to the 21st century and is located inKashmar, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.[7][8]
Modarres is depicted on theobverse of the Iranian 100rials banknote.[9]
