Harvard Stadium is a U-shapedcollege football stadium in theAllston neighborhood ofBoston, Massachusetts. The Stadium is one of only four athletic facilities that are considered National Historic Landmarks.[5] The stadium is owned and operated byHarvard University and is home to theHarvard Crimson football program. In its current form, Harvard Stadium seats just over 25,000 spectators.[6]
Built in 1903, it was a pioneering execution ofreinforced concrete in the construction of large structures. Because of its early importance in these areas, and its influence on the design of later stadiums, it was designated aNational Historic Landmark in 1987.[7] The stadium is the nation's oldest permanent concrete structure dedicated to intercollegiate athletics. It seated up to 57,166 in the past, as permanent steel stands (completing astadium shape)[8] were installed in the stadium's northeast end zone in 1929. They were torn down after the 1951 season, due to deterioration and reduced attendance. Afterward, there were smaller temporary steel bleachers across the stadium's open end until the building of the Murr Center (which is topped by the new scoreboard) in 1998.
Harvard Stadium was constructed on 31 acres (13 ha) of land known as Soldiers Field, donated to Harvard University byHenry Lee Higginson in 1890 as a memorial to Harvard men who had died in theCivil War(1861–1865).[9] The structure, similar in shape to thePanathenaic Stadium, was completed in just4+1⁄2 months, costing $310,000. Much of the funds raised came from a 25th reunion gift by Harvard's Class of 1879. It is the home of Harvard'sfootball team. The stadium also hosted the Crimsontrack and field teams until 1984 and was the home of theBoston Patriots during the 1970 season, untilSchaefer Stadium opened the following year to fulfill post-AFL–NFL merger minimum seating requirements requiring a 50,000+ seat venue. Harvard Stadium was the largest concrete stadium in the nation until the construction ofSyracuse University'sArchbold Stadium in 1907.[10]
Lewis Jerome Johnson, professor of civil engineering at Harvard, was a consultant to the design team for the stadium. It is historically significant that this stadium represents the first vertical concrete structure to employ reinforced structural concrete. Prior to the erection of the stadium in 1902, reinforced structural concrete was used in horizontal, that is flooring, sidewalks, etc., design only. Johnson was the engineer of note responsible for incorporating the concept into the vertical structure of the stadium design. There is a plaque dedicating the stadium to his honor on the east end wall outside the stadium.[citation needed]
Harvard installed bothFieldTurf and lights in 2006.[11] In2007, Harvard played its first night game at the stadium, winning 24–17 overBrown University on September 22.[12][13]
In the early 20th century,American football was an extremely violent sport; 18 players died and 159 were seriously injured in 1905 alone.[14] There was a widespread movement to outlaw the game but U.S. presidentTheodore Roosevelt intervened and demanded the rules of the game be reformed. In 1906, Roosevelt met with representatives from 62 colleges and universities and formed the Intercollegiate Football Conference, the predecessor of theNCAA.[15] The committee's purpose was to develop a uniform set of rules and regulations to make the game safer. A leading proposal, at the time, was widening the field to allow more running room and reduce serious collisions. While it was popular among committee members, Harvard objected. Their recently completed stadium could not accommodate a larger field. Because of the permanent nature of Harvard Stadium, the proposal was rejected and theforward pass was legalized in April 1906.[16] Harvard Stadium led to the creation of two of the most fundamental aspects of modern American football: standard field dimensions and the legal forward pass.
Early in its existence two ice rinks were built on the stadium during the winter months for themen's ice hockey team. The Stadium served as the home for the hockey team untilWorld War I.[17]
Although most of Harvard's campus is inCambridge, the stadium and most other intercollegiate athletic facilities, along withHarvard Business School, lie to the south, across theCharles River, in the nearby Allston neighborhood of Boston. Several donations of land fromHenry Wadsworth Longfellow, his family, and friends beginning in 1870 on the Brighton/Allston side of the Charles River through to an 1890's gift fromHenry Lee Higginson, which gave the tract the name "Soldier's Field", determined the location of the athletics complex.[20]
The stadium is the most iconic piece of the Soldiers Field athletic complex, which also includes the baseball stadium, outdoor track, an artificial turf field hockey/lacrosse field, two soccer stadiums includingJordan Field, pools, Beren Tennis Center (outdoor), the Gordon Indoor Track, Dillon Fieldhouse,Lavietes Pavilion, andBright Hockey Center. Newell Boathouse, home of Harvard's men's crew, lies across Soldiers Field Road on the banks of the Charles. The stadium's horseshoe opens to the northeast, towards the river, and the press box is at the top of the northwest sideline's grandstand.
The running track has been removed; it was non-standard, with long straights and tight turns, and the outside lanes were very near the stadium walls.
†= Team's stadium under construction or refurbishment at time 1 = A team used the stadium when their permanent stadium was unable to be used as a result of damage.
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