Harti (Somali:Harti) is a Somali clan that traces its lineage back to Saleh Abdi Harti. They are a sub-clan of the largerDarod clan.[1] Notable sub-clans within Harti include theMajeerteen,Warsengeli,Dishishe, and theDhulbahante.[2][3][4] They predominantly reside in the apex of the Horn of Africa and its surrounding regions.[5] Furthermore, in the southern territories, the clan's settlements span both sides of the Kenya-Somalia border.[6][7][8]
TheMajeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia) was founded in the mid-18th century. It rose to prominence the following century, under the reign of the resourceful Boqor (King)Osman Mahamuud.[9] Centred inAluula, it controlled much of northern and central Somalia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The polity maintained a robust trading network, entered into treaties with foreign powers, and exerted strong centralized authority on the domestic front.[10][11]
With the gradual extension of European colonial rule into northern Somalia, all three sultanates were annexed toItalian Somaliland andBritish Somaliland in the early 20th century.
(Abdi) Nur Hedik (white shirt), wearing the emblematicKuuk Darawiish prayer bead on his left wrist and the emblematic Darawiish duubcad turban on his head; Hedik was the commander ofDooxato (Darawiish cavalry) who had aShiikhyaale division named after him, was of thewestern Ugaadhyahan clan.
The Darawiish, mostly hailed from the Dhulbahante and drew the majority of its followers from this clan; the four major Darawiish administrative divisions, i.e.Dooxato,Shiikhyaale,Golaweyne andMiinanle were near exclusively Dhulbahante.[12][13][14] The Dhulbahante in Buuhodle were particularly the first and most persistent supporters of theDervish chieftainship-emirate-sultanate.[15] The Dervish chieftainship-sultanate resisted colonial occupation, especially the British who were aided by other Somali clans.[16]
In 1998, the Harti community convened atGarowe to discuss their political future. The conference lasted for a period of three months. Attended by the area's political elite, traditional elders (Issims), members of the business community, intellectuals and other civil society representatives, the autonomous Puntland State of Somalia was established to deliver services to the population, offer security, facilitate trade, and interact with domestic and international partners.[17]Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed served as the fledgling state's founding president.[18]
There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from theWorld Bank'sConflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and theUnited Kingdom'sHome Office publication,Somalia Assessment 2001.[19][20]
The last residents of theSilsilad fort wereHaji Yusuf Barre, the singlehanded defender of Taleh,Mohamud Hosh (pictured), the last castellan of Taleh andJama Biixi Kidin, an abandoned Darawiish child prisoner.Ministero delle Colonie depicts that Illig treaty cedes Boocame district, Taleh district, Xudun district, Las Anod district, Bookh district (of Ethiopia) and Nugaal province territories to Darawiish.
Aadan Carab, poet who documented the Dhulbahante genocide at the hands of European colonialists during the Darawiish era
Afqarshe Ismail, former Darawiish spokesman-poet; and first person to die in an airstrike in Africa
Iman (Zara Mohamed Abdulmajid), a Somali-American fashion model, actress and entrepreneur. A pioneer in the ethnic-cosmetics market, she is also noted for her philanthropic work. She is the widow of English rock musician David Bowie.
Abdulqawi Yusuf, lawyer and judge at the International Court of Justice.
Ali A. Abdi, sociologist and educationist, professor of education and international development, the University of British Columbia.
Abdullahi (Daan) Saleh Yusuf, notable businessman from the geesaguule sub-clan of harti
Ismaaciil, son of darawiish peace-time prime ministerXaashi Suni Fooyaan.Aadan Carab reported on the Dhulbahante genocide at the hands of European colonialists during the Darawiish era in his poemDiidda ama Yeella.The scout of Darawiish head of intelligence,Serar Shawe.1903 drawing by Melton Prior depicting the Battle of Cagaarweyne commanded by Suleiman Aden Galaydh, Maxamuud Dheri and Diiriye Guure
Abdirizak Jurile, Veteran Politician, Former Minister of Planning and In't Cooperations of Somalia. Former Minister of Postal cooperation of Somalia. Diplomat, Head of numerous UN organizations and professor.
Abdullahi Bile Noor, longest served Somali MP, State-Minister of Education and Higher learning of Somalia Government
Hassan Abshir Farah, former Mogadishu mayor, Somalia ambassador to Japan and later to Germany, interior minister of Puntland
Omar Fateh, first Somali and Muslim State Senator in Minnesota
Hassan Ali Mire, first Minister of Education of the Somali Democratic Republic; former Chairman of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF).
Hirsi Magan Isse, scholar and revolutionary leader with the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF).
Ilhan Omar, a Somali-American politician, currently a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives representing the 60B district. On November 6, 2018, Omar was elected to the United States House of Representatives for Minnesota's 5th congressional district. She was the first Somali member of congress and the second female Muslim to be elected (the first isRashida Tlaib who will represent Michigan's 13th congressional district) She will be officially sworn into office on January 3, 2019.
Jama Ali Jama, Colonel in the Somali military and former President of Puntland
^De Vries, Lotje; Englebert, Pierre; Schomerus, Schomerus (21 September 2018).Secessionism in African Politics: Aspiration, Grievance, Performance, Disenchantment. Springer. p. 96.
^Feyissa, Dereje; Höhne, Markus V. (2010).Borders & Borderlands as Resources in the Horn of Africa. Boydell and Brewer. p. 114.
^Hoehne, Markus V. (2006). "Political identity, emerging state structures and conflict in northern Somalia".Journal of Modern African Studies.44 (4): 405.
^Spearce, Walter (August 1903).Somali Campaign.The third leader isDeeria Goori, of the Dolbahanta tribe, who was badly wounded at the Battle of Gunrburru ... These men are theheads of their respective tribes, and are all wealthy and powerful.
^Osman Omar, Mohamed (2001).The Scramble in the Horn of Africa; History of Somalia (1827-1977)(PDF). Indiana University. p. 333. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2018-07-13.. This letter is sent by all the Dervishes, the Amir, and all the Dolbahanta to the Ruler of Berbera ... We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects ... In his last letter the Mullah pretends to speak in the name of the Dervishes, their Amir (himself), and the Dolbahanta tribes. This letter shows his object is to establish himself as the Ruler of the Dolbahanta, and it has a Mahdist look
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