Harry Marshall Ward | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 21 March 1854  Hereford |
| Died | 26 August 1906 (aged 52) |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | Mycologist |
| Employer | |
Harry Marshall Ward (21 March 1854 – 26 August 1906),FRS,FLS, was a Britishbotanist,mycologist, andplant pathologist. He was one of the first scientists to study physiological plant pathology[1][2]
Born inHereford, the eldest child ofFrancis and Mary Marshall Ward,[3] Harry Ward was educated atLincoln Cathedral school. from c. 1864. He went on to scientific studies at the South KensingtonScience and Art Department underThomas Henry Huxley in 1874. Ward then attended firstOwens College, Manchester, in 1875, and subsequentlyChrist's College, Cambridge, from 1876 to 1879.[4]
At Cambridge, Ward achieved a B.A. with First Class honours in theNatural Sciences Tripos. Ward's education at Cambridge was funded by a wealthy fellow student from South Kensington,Louis Lucas. He also studied with leading German botanistsJulius von Sachs andAnton de Bary who at the time were way ahead of the English in the field of experimental botany.[5]
From early 1880 until 1882, Ward was employed by the British government inCeylon (modern Sri Lanka) to study thecoffee rust disease affecting the island's coffee plantations. His detailed and methodical work established his reputation as aplant pathologist andphysiologist and although he was unable to stop the rust in the coffee plantations of Ceylon he laid the foundations for solving the problem in the future. Ward recommended avoidingmonoculture, and the cultivation of multiple strains of coffee. Ward demonstrated that diseasespores could be spread on the wind and recommended growing trees between plantations to reduce this. However plantation owners in Ceylon had already destroyed many indigenous species on their plantations and planted a single type of coffee on almost every available acre.[5]
In 1883 Ward returned to Owens College as an assistant lecturer,[5] and married his very patient fiancée Selina Mary Kingdon, who had been waiting for him since around 1870. Their first child was a daughterWinifred Mary Ward born October 1884, and on 6 November 1885 they had a sonFrancis Kingdon Ward.[6]
In 1885 shortly after the birth of his son he was appointed Professor of botany at the Royal Indian engineering college (Forestry department) at Cooper's hill, now part ofBrunel University. He moved with his new family into a house atEnglefield Green.[5]
He became F.L.S. (Fellow of theLinnaean Society) in 1886 F.R.H.S. (fellow of theRoyal Horticultural Society) in 1887 and F.R.S. (Fellow of theRoyal Society) in 1889. He was president of theBritish Mycological Society in 1900 and 1901.
A great deal of his work and study was influenced by one of his early tutors,W.T. Thiselton-Dyer. It was Thiselton Dyer who suggested him for the job in Ceylon, he who largely got him his first post at Owen's College. Dyer persuaded him to spend time researching the biological processes involved in brewingginger beer,[5] and helped ensure his entry to the Linnaean society, his signature was on a letter to the prime minister of the dayH. H. Asquith recommending a pension should be paid to his widow, Selina after his death.
In 1895 he becameProfessor of Botany at Cambridge University, his alma mater.[5] There was a tremendous amount of work to do with the department which had been neglected by previous incumbents. Ward worked tirelessly to get the teaching and the facilities up to scratch. His efforts culminated in a complete new building designed and equipped to his own requirements. The building was opened on 1 March 1904 byKing Edward VII andQueen Alexandra. There was a seven course lunch for the King and Queen and a select guest list included Thiselton Dyer.
Meanwhile, he was gaining more honours and positions on committees while still researching, teaching, and administrating. All this work took its toll on his health. He was weakened further by diabetes. He died on 26 August 1906 aged only 52.
He is buried in theParish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge, with his wife; his friend SirFrancis Darwin is also buried there.
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