Harris (Scottish Gaelic:Na Hearadh,pronounced[nəˈhɛɾəɣ]ⓘ) is the southern and more mountainous part ofLewis and Harris, the largest island in theOuter Hebrides,Scotland. Although not an island itself, Harris is often referred to in opposition to theIsle of Lewis as theIsle of Harris, which is the formerpostal county and the currentpost town for Royal Mail postcodes starting HS3 or HS5.
Thecivil parish of Harris is considered to includeSt Kilda, a now uninhabited archipelago 40 miles (65 kilometres) west-northwest of North Uist, and the uninhabited isletRockall, which is 230 miles (370 kilometres) west of North Uist.
TheVikings arrived in theBritish Isles from the late 700s, and in theNorthern Isles andWestern Isles of Scotland they named places as part of their conquest.[2] Documents from several centuries ago show theIsle of Harris being referred to as Haray or Harray, Here or Herre, Herrie, and the plural Harreis; as well as possibly related place names such as Harris on the isle ofRum;Herries inDumfries;Harray onOrkney; and Harrastadhir (Harrastaðir) inIceland.[3] The place-nameHarris has been suggested to be based onOld Norsehærri, meaning 'higher', a reference to the high hills, especially in comparison with the much flatter Lewis lying to the north.[4]
The name of this island inGaelic is "Na h-Earradh". The isles of the Hebrides once had Gaelic names, however the Norsemen renamed them.[5]
The Gaelic name "Na Hearadh" was also an earlier term for theRinns of Islay.[citation needed]
Most of the place names on Harris areGaelicized Old Norse.[citation needed]
Harris is most likely to be the island referred to asAdru (meaning 'thick, stout or bulky') onPtolemy'smap of the British Isles.[citation needed]
As of 2011[update], there were 1,212Gaelic speakers in Harris, corresponding to roughly 60% of the population.[6]
The boundary between Lewis and Harris is approximately a line from the head of Loch Resort on the west coast to the closest point ofLoch Seaforth on the east coast. Harris itself divides naturally into northern and southern parts which are separated byWest andEast Loch Tarbert. These halves are joined by a narrowisthmus at the main settlement ofTarbert (An Tairbeart orTairbeart na Hearadh).
The bedrock of Harris is largelyLewisiangneisses, which were laid down in thePrecambrian period, interspersed withigneous intrusions. One of these intrusions forms the summit plateau of the mountain Roinebhal. The rock here isanorthosite, and is similar in composition to rocks found in the mountains of theMoon.[7][8]
Harris is a part ofhistoricInverness-shire, and was administered as such under older administrative divisions. In the 2001 census, Harris had a usually resident population of 1,916.[1] It is part of theSouth Lewis, Harris and North UistNational Scenic Area, one of 40 in Scotland.[9]
North Harris, adjoiningLewis, containsClisham (An Cliseam), the highest mountain in the Outer Hebrides at 799 metres (2,621 ft).[10][11] The area is sparsely populated. Beyond Tarbert, the furthest settlement isHushinish (Hùisinis) on the west coast. A bridge from the east coast links Harris to the island ofScalpay (Sgalpaigh na Hearadh).
In March 2003 the 25,300-hectare (62,500-acre) North Harris Estate was purchased[12] by the North Harris Trust, adevelopment trust, on behalf of the local community.[13][14] In April 2006 the Trust hosted theHighlands and Islands Community Energy Company conference "Community Energy: Leading from the Edge"[15] in Tarbert. In early 2008 the Trust received planning consent for three 86 metre (282 ft) wind turbines to be located at Monan.[16] In 2008Mike Russell, the Scottishenvironment minister announced that the North Harris Trust had begun canvassing local opinion about a proposal to create Scotland's thirdnational park in the area.[17]
The southern part of Harris is less mountainous, with numerous unspoilt, white sandy beaches on the west coast. Its main settlements areRodel (Roghadal), known for its medievalkirk ofSt. Clement (Eaglais Chliamhain), the most elaborate surviving medieval church in theHebrides afterIona Abbey, andLeverburgh (An Tòb na Hearadh orAn t-Òb na Hearadh). A ferry sails from the latter toBerneray (Beàrnaraigh na Hearadh), an island off the coast ofNorth Uist (Uibhist a Tuath), to which it is joined by a causeway.
The east coast of south Harris is known as the Bays. The best known section called the "Golden Road" as it cost so much money to build, when it was built in 1897. It runs from Miavaig via Drinishader, Grosebay, Scadabay and Cluer to Stockinish. From Stockinish the road is the Bays and meanders through the coastal townships ofLickisto (Liceasto),Geocrab (Geòcrab),Manish (Mànais),Flodabay (Fleòideabhagh),Quidinish (Cuidhtinis),Finsbay (Fionnsbhagh) andLingerbay (Lingreabhagh).
The beaches ofLuskentyre andScarista are amongst the most spectacular. From the former the island ofTaransay, where the BBC Television seriesCastaway 2000 was recorded, is seen most clearly from Harris. At Scarista the beach is a venue for surfing and kite buggying. Nearby the Harris Golf Club offers well kept greens and views of the hills, but there is no play on Sundays. Scarista is the birthplace of the authorFinlay J. MacDonald, who wrote about growing up on Harris in the 1930s. His books:Crowdie and Cream,Crotal and White andThe Corncrake and the Lysander paint a vivid and humorous picture ofHebridean life.
Tarbert is the main port and main settlement of Harris, with a population of about 550. The name Tarbert comes from the Norsetairbeart meaning "portage" or "isthmus". It is located on an isthmus between Loch Tarbert and West Loch Tarbert. The village has a ferry terminal, local tourist information and some small shops, including aHarris Tweed shop overlooking the main access road to theCalMac ferry terminal and a general grocery store. It is also home to the Harris Distillery.
The island ofScalpay is located at the mouth of East Loch Tarbert. It was known historically for its fishing industry, though little of that remains. The island was linked to Harris when the Scalpay Bridge was opened in 1997, connecting Scalpay to the settlement of Kyles on Harris.
Media attention has recently been drawn to angling on Harris, and Tarbert in particular. Local fishermen have been targeting largeCommon Skate in the area and have had prolific catches, mainly from West Loch Tarbert, in autumn and winter. There is an application for theScottish shore record of 183 pounds (83 kg) although a fish estimated at 204 pounds (93 kg) was later landed. These catches have attracted the attention of the local and national press and sea angling's leading magazines.[18][19]
In common with many parts of theHighlands and Islands, Harris has numeroussingle-track roads with passing places at intervals.Ferries sail from Tarbert toUig inSkye.
According to the Scottish Government, "tourism is by far and away the mainstay industry" of the Outer Hebrides, "generating £65m in economic value for the islands, sustaining around 1000 jobs" The report adds that the "islands receive 219,000 visitors per year".[20] The Outer Hebrides tourism bureau states that 10–15% of economic activity on the islands was made up of tourism in 2017. The agency states that the "exact split between islands is not possible" when calculating the number of visits, but "the approximate split is Lewis (45%), Uist (25%), Harris (20%), Barra (10%)".[21]
Harris is known forHarris Tweed, although this textile is mostly made in Lewis, with the major finishing mills in Shawbost and Stornoway. Every length of cloth produced is stamped with the officialOrb symbol,trademarked by the Harris Tweed Association in 1909. Harris Tweed is defined as "hand woven by the islanders at their homes in the Outer Hebrides, finished in the islands of Harris, Lewis, North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist and Barra and their several purtenances (The Outer Hebrides) and made from pure virgin wool dyed and spun in the Outer Hebrides."[22]
Tarbert is home to theHarris distillery,[23] which has formerMonsanto CEO,Hugh Grant among its directors.[24] In 2018, the distillery was named Scottish Gin Distillery of the year at the annual Scottish Gin Awards,[25] and in 2020, Harris Gin was voted favourite Scottish gin in the Scottish Gin Society Consumer Choice Awards for the third year in a row.[26]
As of 2021, the company was marketing only gin, but had started production of Hearach' single maltScotch whisky; it would be some years before that product would be available for sale.[27][28]
The Sir E. Scott secondary school in Tarbert serves the whole of the Isle of Harris and Scalpay. This school has a primary and secondary department and can educate up to sixth year.[29] The school has a 21 kWphotovoltaic system installed. There is also a Primary School, Leverhulme Memorial School, in Leverburgh.[30]
Harris has a largelyPresbyterian population that practisessabbatarianism: all retail outlets are shut on Sunday.[31] This area has been described as the last bastion ofReformed fundamentalism in the UK, and there was controversy in 2006 whenCaledonian MacBrayne started a Sunday ferry service.[32] However, a Sunday ferry service between Berneray (North Uist) and Leverburgh (An t-Òb) in the south of Harris has been introduced with relatively little controversy and now operates all year round. This allowed travel to Lewis and Harris by ferry on a Sunday before the Sunday ferries to Stornoway started in 2009. The North Uist end of the connection can be reached by other ferry routes that also operate on Sundays (Uig-Lochmaddy and Oban-Lochboisdale).
Tinted shots of parts of the island were used byStanley Kubrick as an alien landscape in the film2001: A Space Odyssey.[33]
In his 1962 novelAtlantic FuryHammond Innes put a fictional Joint Services Guided Weapons Establishment in Northton, South Harris, where some of the action takes place.
The nearby island ofTaransay became well known following theBBC showCastaway broadcast in 2000 and various scenes were shot on Harris itself. The filmThe Rocket Post was also filmed on Taransay in 2004. The film is based on the story ofGerhard Zucker, the German rocket scientist who in 1934 used the Isle of Scarp as his base for experimenting with sending mail over long distances by rocket.
The local newspaper is theStornoway Gazette; there is also a community newspaper published fortnightly, calledDè Tha Dol?
A group of sixth-year pupils at the Sir E. Scott secondary school in Tarbert won the 2003Young Enterprise UK Award for their design, marketing, and selling of the Isle of Harris districttartan. The tartan is officially registered with theScottish Tartans Authority (under number 6198) and with theScottish Tartans World Register (under #2981). Its symmetrical threadcount is listed as "WW/8 B80 K8 LG16 K16 LB/24", with a colour palette of:
pelorous blue #2888C4,
forest green #289C18,
dark grey #101010,
wilson white #FCFCFC, and
Windsor blue #2C2C80.[34]
Harris travel guide from WikivoyageInhabited islands of theHebrides | ||
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| Inner Hebrides |  | |
| Outer Hebrides | ||
