Harold Geneen | |
|---|---|
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| Born | Harold Sydney Geneen (1910-01-22)January 22, 1910 Bournemouth, Hampshire, England |
| Died | November 21, 1997(1997-11-21) (aged 87) New York City |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Employer(s) | Raytheon ITT Corporation |
| Known for | CEO ofITT Corporation |
Harold "Hal" Sydney Geneen (January 22, 1910 – November 21, 1997), was an American businessman most famous for serving as president of theITT Corporation.
Geneen was born on January 22, 1910, inBournemouth, Hampshire, England. His father wasRussian-Jewish, and his mother was an Italian Roman Catholic.[1] He migrated to the United States from England as an infant and later studied accounting atNew York University.Between 1956 and 1959 he was senior vice president ofRaytheon, developing his management structure, allowing a large degree of freedom for divisions while maintaining a high degree of financial and other accountability, which was surprising as he had been ejected from his prior employer,Jones and Laughlin Steel Company, for reckless management of the company books.
From 1959 to 1977 he was the president and CEO ofInternational Telephone and Telegraph Corp. (ITT). He grew the company from a medium-sized business with $765 million sales in 1961 into an international conglomerate with $17 billion sales in 1970. He extended its interests from manufacturing of telegraph equipment into insurance,hotels, real estate management, and other areas. Under Geneen's management, ITT became the archetypal modern multinational conglomerate. ITT grew primarily through a series of approximately 350 acquisitions and mergers in 80 countries. Some of the largest of these wereHartford Fire Insurance Company (1970) andSheraton Hotels.
ITT had many overseas interests. In Europe it had telephone subsidiaries in numerous countries. In Brazil, it owned a telephone company that would be nationalised by PresidentJoão Goulart.
ITT also had some $200 million-worth of investments inChile. Under Geneen's leadership, ITT funneled $350,000 toAllende's opponent,Jorge Alessandri.[2] WhenAllende won the presidential election, ITT offered theCIA $1,000,000 to defeatAllende, though the offer was rejected.[3] Declassified documents released by theCIA in 2000 reveal that ITT financially helped opponents ofSalvador Allende's government prepare amilitary coup.[4][5] On September 28, 1973, an ITT building in New York City,New York, was bombed by theWeather Underground for involvement in theSeptember 11 overthrow of the Allende government.[6][7]
In 1977 Geneen retired as CEO and president of ITT, was chairman of the board until 1979, and stayed on the board for four more years.[8] While chairman, he recruitedJames H. Frame fromIBM as vice-president to head ITT's software division.[9] His successors, particularlyRand Araskog, steadily sold off parts of the business.
In his obituary,The New York Times stated that he remained active in business and on the boards of several educational institutes until his death, and had said "his post-retirement deal-making had earned him far more than he ever made at ITT."[10]
Geneen's widow, June Geneen, born inBerlin, New Hampshire, died in Boston in October 2012.
Harold Geneen wrote and co-authored several books:
There have been several books written about Geneen's time at ITT, and at least one about Geneen himself.
