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Hardnesses of the elements (data page)

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number	symbol	name	Mohs hardness^[1]	Vickers hardness (MPa)^[1]	Brinell hardness (MPa)^[1]	Brinell hardness (MPa)^{[note 1]}^[2]
3	Li	lithium	0.6		5
4	Be	beryllium	5.5	1670	590–1320
5	B	boron	9.3–9.5^[3]	4900–5800^[4]
6	C	carbon (graphite)	0.5
6	C	carbon (diamond)	10.0
11	Na	sodium	0.5		0.69
12	Mg	magnesium	2.5		260	44 (cast)
13	Al	aluminium	2.75	160–350	160–550	184
14	Si	silicon	6.5
16	S	sulfur	2.0
19	K	potassium	0.4		0.363
20	Ca	calcium	1.75		170	416
21	Sc	scandium			736–1200
22	Ti	titanium	6.0	830–3420	716–2770	1028
23	V	vanadium	7.0	628–640	600–628	742
24	Cr	chromium	8.5	1060	687–6500	688
25	Mn	manganese	6.0		196
26	Fe	iron	4.0	608	200–1180
27	Co	cobalt	5.0	1043	470–3000	1291
28	Ni	nickel	4.0	638	667–1600	900–1200
29	Cu	copper	3.0	343–369	235–878	520
30	Zn	zinc	2.5		327–412	480–520
31	Ga	gallium	1.5		56.8–68.7
32	Ge	germanium	6.0
33	As	arsenic	3.5		1440
34	Se	selenium	2.0		736
37	Rb	rubidium	0.3		0.216
38	Sr	strontium	1.5
39	Y	yttrium			200–589
40	Zr	zirconium	5.0	820–1800	638–1880	333
41	Nb	niobium	6.0	870–1320	735–2450	735
42	Mo	molybdenum	5.5	1400–2740	1370–2500	1340 (cast)
44	Ru	ruthenium	6.5	2298	2160	1795
45	Rh	rhodium	6.0	1100–8000	980–1350	540
46	Pd	palladium	4.75	400–600	320–610	310
47	Ag	silver	2.5	250	245–250	206
48	Cd	cadmium	2.0		203–220	196
49	In	indium	1.2		8.83–10	9.8
50	Sn	tin	1.5		51–75	292–441 (cast)
51	Sb	antimony	3.0		294–384
52	Te	tellurium	2.25		180–270
55	Cs	caesium	0.2		0.147
56	Ba	barium	1.25
57	La	lanthanum	2.5	360–1750	350–400
58	Ce	cerium	2.5	210–470	186–412
59	Pr	praseodymium	1.6	250–746	250–638
60	Nd	neodymium		343–746	265–700
61	Pm	promethium		617.8
62	Sm	samarium		412–441	441–600
63	Eu	europium		167–200
64	Gd	gadolinium		510–950
65	Tb	terbium		450–863	677–1200
66	Dy	dysprosium		412–550	500–1050
67	Ho	holmium		412–600	500–1250
68	Er	erbium	2.0	432–700	600–1070
69	Tm	thulium		470–650	471–900
70	Yb	ytterbium		206–250	343–441
71	Lu	lutetium		755–1160	893–1300
72	Hf	hafnium	5.5	1520–2060	1450–2100
73	Ta	tantalum	6.5	873–1200	441–3430	441–1224
74	W	tungsten	7.5	3430–4600	2000–4000	1960–2450
75	Re	rhenium	7.0	1350–7850	1320–2500
76	Os	osmium	7.0		3920–4000	3487
77	Ir	iridium	6.5	1760–2200	1670	2120
78	Pt	platinum	3.5	400–549	310–500	299
79	Au	gold	2.5	188–216	188–245	189
80	Hg	mercury	1.5
81	Tl	thallium	1.2		26.5–44.7
82	Pb	lead	1.5		38–50	37.5–41.8 (cast)
83	Bi	bismuth	2.25		70–94.2	70
90	Th	thorium	3.0	294–687	390–1500
92	U	uranium	6.0	1960–2500	2350–3850

Notes

[edit]

^Hardness can vary by several hundred percent depending on the pretreatment, see e.g.Iron#Mechanical properties andAngelo Basile; Fausto Gallucci (2011).Membranes for Membrane Reactors: Preparation, Optimization and Selection. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 30–.ISBN 978-0-470-74652-3.

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^cG.V. Samsonov, ed. (1968). "Mechanical Properties of the Elements".Handbook of the physicochemical properties of the elements. New York, USA: IFI-Plenum. pp. 387–446.doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6066-7_7.ISBN 978-1-4684-6066-7. Archived fromthe original on 2015-04-02.
^John Harris; Walter Benenson; Horst Stöcker (2002).Handbook of physics. Springer. p. 240.ISBN 978-0-387-95269-7.
^"What is the Hardest Element?".
^"The Genetic Atlas".

v t e Chemical elements data
Elements	List of chemical elements—atomic mass, atomic number, symbol, name Periodic table
Data	Abundance of the chemical elements in Earth's crust, sea water, Sun and Solar System data page Atomic radius empirical, calculated, van der Waals radius, covalent radius data page Boiling point data page Critical point data page Density solid, liquid, gas data page Elastic properties of the elements:Young's modulus,Poisson's ratio,bulk modulus,shear modulus data page Electrical resistivity data page Electron affinity data page Electron configuration data page Electronegativity (Pauling, Allen scale) data page Hardness:Mohs hardness,Vickers hardness,Brinell hardness data page Heat capacity data page Heat of fusion data page Heat of vaporization data page Ionization energy (in eV) and molar ionization energies (in kJ/mol) data page Melting point data page Molar ionization energy Oxidation state data table Speed of sound data page Standard atomic weight Thermal conductivity data page Specific heat capacity Thermal expansion data page Vapor pressure data page

Abundance of the chemical elements in Earth's crust, sea water, Sun and Solar System
- data page
Atomic radius empirical, calculated, van der Waals radius, covalent radius
- data page
Boiling point
- data page
Critical point
- data page
Density solid, liquid, gas
- data page
Elastic properties of the elements:Young's modulus,Poisson's ratio,bulk modulus,shear modulus
- data page
Electrical resistivity
- data page
Electron affinity
- data page
Electron configuration
- data page
Electronegativity (Pauling, Allen scale)
- data page
Hardness:Mohs hardness,Vickers hardness,Brinell hardness
- data page
Heat capacity
- data page
Heat of fusion
- data page
Heat of vaporization
- data page
Ionization energy (in eV) and molar ionization energies (in kJ/mol)
- data page
Melting point
- data page
Molar ionization energy
Oxidation state
- data table
Speed of sound
- data page
Standard atomic weight
Thermal conductivity
- data page
Specific heat capacity
Thermal expansion
- data page
Vapor pressure
- data page

Periodic table

Periodic table forms

Sets of elements

By periodic table structure

Groups	1 (Hydrogen andalkali metals) 2 (Alkaline earth metals) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 (Triels) 14 (Tetrels) 15 (Pnictogens) 16 (Chalcogens) 17 (Halogens) 18 (Noble gases)
Periods	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8+ Aufbau Fricke Pyykkö
Blocks	Aufbau principle

Bymetallicity

Metals	Lanthanides Actinides Transition metals Post-transition metals
Metalloids	Lists of metalloids by source Dividing line
Nonmetals	Noble gases

Other sets

Elements

Lists	By:Abundance (in humans) Atomic properties Nuclear stability Symbol
Properties	Aqueous chemistry Crystal structure Electron configuration Electronegativity Goldschmidt classification Term symbol
Data pages	Abundance Atomic radius Boiling point Critical point Density Elasticity Electrical resistivity Electron affinity Electron configuration Electronegativity Hardness Heat capacity Heat of fusion Heat of vaporization Ionization energy Melting point Oxidation state Speed of sound Thermal conductivity Thermal expansion coefficient Vapor pressure

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