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| Harákmbut–Katukinan | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Peru,Brazil |
| Linguistic classification | One of the world's primarylanguage families |
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | None |
Harákmbut–Katukinan is a language family linking theSouth American indigenous language familiesHarákmbut andKatukinan. There is reasonably good evidence that the two are related.[1] Glottolog does not accept it, stating that the pronouns, numerals, or bound morphology are not cognate.[2] Jolkesky (2011) also addsArawan to the family.[3]
Jolkesky (2011) concludesArawan is closer toHarákmbut than toKatukinan.[3]
Internal branching of the Arawá-Katukína-Harakmbet family according to Jolkesky (2011):[3]
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities withArawakan languages due to contact.[4]
The following table from Adelaar (2000) lists lexical cognates betweenKanamari andHarákmbut:[5]
| no. | Spanish gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Kanamarí | Harakmbut |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | casa | house | hak | hák |
| 2 | diente | tooth | i | -id |
| 3 | pie | foot | i | -iʔ |
| 4 | nariz | nose | o(h) pak | -õh |
| 5 | cabeza | head | ki | -kɨ |
| 6 | río | river | wa(h) | -wɛ̃ʰ |
| 7 | huevo | egg | takarapu | po 'objeto redondo (round object)' |
| 8 | lengua | tongue | noko | nõʔ |
| 9 | mano | hand | ba | -ᵐba |
| 10 | hoja | leaf | hakba, taroba | eʔᵐba |
| 11 | estómago | stomach | ma | wa-mẽʔ 'hígado (liver)' |
| 12 | ojo | eye | iko | -kpo |
| 13 | sangre | blood | mimi | mĩmĩ |
| 14 | barriga | belly | min | -mĩn 'intestino (intestines)' |
| 15 | brazo | arm | pan | wa-ᵐbaʔagᵑ 'omóplato (shoulderbone)' |
| 16 | jaguar | jaguar | pida(h) | apetpet |
| 17 | nombre | name | wadik | -ⁿdik |
| 18 | dentro, en | inside, in | naki | wa-ẽk 'barriga (belly)' |
| 19 | yuca | yucca | tawa 'yuca (variedad dulce) (sweet variety of yuca)' | táᵊre |
| 20 | campo cultivado | cultivated field | bao(h) | [taʔ]ᵐba |
| 21 | negro | black | tik | sik-ⁿda |
| 22 | camino | road | dan | ⁿagᵑ |
| 23 | nuevo | new | (a)boawa | -ᵐbo-ⁿda |
| 24 | palo, árbol | stick, tree | o(h)man | wẽⁱmẽⁱ |
| 25 | carne | meat | barahai | áiʔ 'hueso (bone)'; -hẽn 'carne (meat)' |
| 26 | comer | eat | pu | pe |
| 27 | venir | come | dakdyi | e-tʃiak |
| 28 | defecar | defecate | dokna | ⁿdoʔ |
| 29 | llegar; ir | arrive; go | waokdyi 'llegar' | waʔ 'ir' |
| 30 | leña | firewood | i(h)ta | ɨtaʔ |
| 31 | tobillo | ankle | itakon | itak-pi 'espinilla (shin)' (Huachipairi) |
| 32 | nube | cloud | kodo'omi | kurudⁿ |
| 33 | cielo | sky | kodoh | kɨ'rɨdⁿ |
| 34 | viejo; finado | old; dead | kidak 'ser viejo (be old)' | kʉuⁿdak 'finado (dead)' |
| 35 | quebrar, romper | break | kuruk | ketek |
| 36 | venado | deer | ba(h)tyi | ᵐbáwiʰ |
| 37 | cargar | load | ik | yʉuk |
| 38 | piel | skin | dak | -síⁿdak |
| 39 | animal | animal | bara 'caza, animal (game, animal)' | aᵐbʉuredⁿ |
| 40 | hermano | brother | aponpia | pogᵑ 'hermano mayor de la mujer (elder brother of wife)' |
| 41 | padre | father | pama | áːpagᵑ |
| 42 | madre | mother | nyama | náŋʔ |
| 43 | cabello | hair | poi | -wih 'vello (body hair)' |
| 44 | cuerpo | body | boro | ᵐboroʔ 'grande (big)' |
| 45 | soplar | blow | po(h)po(h)[man] | po |
| 46 | dormir | sleep | kitan | táⁱʔ |
| 47 | niño | boy | opu 'hijo; pequeño (son; small)' | wa-ʂí-po |
| 48 | humo | smoke | omi | oʔsĩwĩ |
| 49 | hamaca | hammock | homo | horoʔɛʔ |
| 50 | volver | return | kinhina | korʉudⁿ |
| 51 | lluvia | rain | hin | ówiʔ |
| 52 | hermana (vocativo) | sister (vocative) | miyo | mĩŋʔ |
| 53 | testículos | testicles | pada kon | wãⁿda 'fruita redonda u oblonga (round or oblong fruit)' |
For a list of cognates sets by Jolkesky (2011),[3] see the correspondingPortuguese article.
