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Haplogroup J-M172

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Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

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Haplogroup J2

Possible time of origin	32000 ybp^[1]
Coalescence age	28000 ybp^[1]
Possible place of origin	Upper Mesopotamia,Western Iran^[a]
Ancestor	J-P209
Defining mutations	M172
Highest frequencies	Ingush 88.8%,^[3] Chechens 56.7%,^[3] Iranians 22.5%-45%,^[4]^[3] Georgians 21%-72%,^[5] Azerbaijanis 24%^[2]-48%,^[5] Iraqis 24%^[6]-25%,^[7]^[8] Cretans 35%,^[9] Uyghurs 34%,^[10] Yaghnobis 32%,^[5] Uzbeks 30.4%,^[10] Greeks 10%-48%,^[11] Muslim Kurds 28.4%,^[12] Lebanese 30%,^[13]^{[dubious –discuss]}^[5] Ashkenazi Jews 24-30%,^[12]^[13] Turks 24%^[14]-40%,^[15] Hazara 26.6%,^[16] Kuwaiti 26%,^[5] Cypriots 12.9%^[9]-37%,^[17] Abkhaz 25%,^[18] Bahrainis 27.6%,^[19] Balkars 24%,^[20] Italians 9%-36%,^[15]^[21] Armenians 21%^[5]-24%,^[18] Palestinians 29%,^[12]Lipka Tatars 18.9 %,^[22] Mordvins 15.3%,^[23] Kazan Tatars 15.1%,^[23] Chuvash 14%,^[23] Sephardi Jews 15 -20%^[24]-29%,^[12] Ossetians 16%^[3]-24%,^[18] Circassians 21.8%,^[3] Maltese 21%,^[17] Lemba 20.8%,^[25] North IndianShia Muslims 18%,^[26] Albanians 16%,^[20] Syrians 14%^[2]-29%,^{[citation needed]} Kalash people 9.1%.^[27]^[b]

Inhuman genetics,Haplogroup J-M172 orJ2^{[Phylogenetics 1]} is aY-chromosome haplogroup which is asubclade (branch) ofhaplogroup J-M304.^{[Phylogenetics 2]} Haplogroup J-M172 is common in modern populations inWestern Asia,Central Asia,South Asia,Southern Europe,Northwestern Iran andNorth Africa. It is thought that J-M172 may have originated in theCaucasus,Anatolia,Mesopotamia and/or present-dayWestern Iran.

It is further divided into two complementary clades,J-M410 andJ-M12 (M12, M102, M221, M314).

Origins

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The date of origin for haplogroupJ-M172 was estimated byBatini et al in 2015 as between 19,000 and 24,000 years before present (BP).^[28]Samino et al in 2004 dated the origin of the parent haplogroup,J-P209, to between 18,900 and 44,500 YBP.^[13] AncientJ-M410, specifically subclade J-Y12379*, has been found, in aMesolithic context, in a tooth from the Kotias Klde Cave in westernGeorgia from the Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old) and the Mesolithic (9,700 years old)^[29] This sample has been assigned to theCaucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) autosomal component.^[30] J-M410, more specifically its subcladeJ-PF5008, has also been found in aMesolithic sample from theHotu and Kamarband Caves located inMazandaran Province ofIran, dating back to 9,100-8,600 B.C.E (approximately 11,000 ybp).^[31] Both samples belong to theTrialetian Culture.It is likely that J2 men had settled over most of Anatolia, the South Caucasus and the Zagros mountains by the end of the Last Glaciation 12,000 years ago.^[32]

Zalloua & Wells (2004) andAl-Zahery et al. (2003) claimed to have uncovered the earliest known migration of J2, expanded possibly fromAnatolia and theCaucasus.^[7]^[33]^[34]Nebel et al. (2001) found that, "According toUnderhill et al. (2000), Eu 9 (H58) evolved from Eu 10 (H71) through a T→Gtransversion atM172 (emphasis added)," and that in today's populations, Eu 9 (the post-mutation form of M172) is strongest in theCaucasus,Asia Minor and theLevant, whilst Eu 10 becomes stronger and replaces the frequency of Eu 9 as one moves south into theArabian Peninsula,^[35] so that people from the Caucasus met with Arabs near and betweenMesopotamia (Sumer/Assyria) and theNegev Desert, as "Arabisation" spread from Arabia to the Fertile Crescent and Turkey.

Di Giacomo et al. (2004) postulated that J-M172 haplogroup spread into Southern Europe from either theLevant orAnatolia, likely parallel to the development of agriculture.^[2] As to the timing of its spread into Europe, Di Giacomo et al. points to events whichpost-date the Neolithic, in particular the demographic floruit associated with the rise of the Ancient Greek world.Semino et al. (2004) derived older age estimates for overall J2(having used the Zhivotovsky method c.f. Di Giacomo)^[clarify], postulating its initial spread with Neolithic farmers from the Near East. However, its subclade distribution, showing localized peaks in the Southern Balkans, southern Italy, north/central Italy and the Caucasus, does not conform to a single 'wave-of-advance' scenario, betraying a number of still poorly understood post-Neolithic processes which created its current pattern. Like Di Giacomo et al., the Bronze Age southern Balkans was suggested by Semino et al. to have been an important vector of spread.^[13]

Distribution

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HaplogroupJ-M172 is found mainly in theFertile Crescent, theCaucasus,^[36]Anatolia,Italy, theMediterranean littoral, and theIranian plateau.^[13] Y-DNA: J2 (J-M172): Syrid/Nahrainid Arabid(s).

The highest reported frequency of J-M172 ever was 87.4%, amongIngush inMalgobek.^[3]

More specifically it is found inIraq,^[7]Kuwait,^[7]Syria,^[37]Lebanon,^[38]Turkey,^[14]Georgia,^[36]Azerbaijan,^[2]North Caucasus,^[18]Armenia,^[5]Iran,^[18]Israel,^[13]Palestine,^[13]Cyprus,^[17]Greece,^[11]Albania,^[15]Italy,^[21]Spain,^[39] and more frequently inIraqis 24%,^[6]Chechens 51.0%-58.0%,^[3]Georgians 21%-72%,^[5]Lebanese 30%,^[13]Ossetians 24%,^[18]Balkars 24%,^[20]Syrians 23%,^[37],Assyrians 15%,Turks 13%^[14]-40%,^[15]Cypriots 12.9%^[9]-37%,^[17]Armenians 21%^[5]-24%,^[18]Circassians 21.8%,^[3]Bahrainis 27.6%,^[19]Iranians 10%^[18]-25%,^[5]Albanians 16%,^[15]^[20]Italians 9%-36%,^[21]Sephardi Jews 15%^[12]-29%,^[13]Maltese 21%,^[17]Palestinians 17%,^[13]Saudis 14%,^[40]Jordanians 14%,Omanis 10%-15%,^[2]^[37] and North IndianShia Muslim 18%.^[26]

North Africa

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Country/Region	Sampling	N	J-M172	Study
Tunisia	Tunisia	62	8	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Tunisia	Sousse	220	8.2	Fadhlaoui-Zid 2014
Algeria	Oran	102	4.9	Robino et al. 2008
Egypt		124	7.6	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Egypt		147	12.0	Abu-Amero et al. 2009
Morocco		221	4.1	Fregel et al. 2009
North Africa	Algeria, Tunisia	202	3.5	Fregel et al. 2009

Haplogroup J2 is found with low frequencies in North Africa with a hotspot in Sousse region, most ofSousse samples have the samehaplotypes found in Haplogroup J-L271 which was found inMsaken.^[41]

Central Asia

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Country/Region	Sampling	N	J-M172	Study
Xinjiang	Lop Uyghurs	64	57.8	Liu Shuhu et al. 2018
Xinjiang	Uyghurs	50	34	Shou et al. 2010
Tajikistan	Yaghnobis	31	32	Wells et al. 2001
Dushanbe	Tajiks	16	31	Wells et al. 2001
Xinjiang	Uzbeks	23	30.4	Shou et al. 2010
Afghanistan	Hazara	60	26.6	Haber et al. 2012
Xinjiang	Keriyan Uyghurs	39	25.6	Liu Shuhu et al. 2018
Kazakhstan	Uyghurs	41	20	Wells et al. 2001
Samarkand	Tajiks	40	20	Wells et al. 2001
Tajikistan	Tajiks	38	18.4	Wells et al. 2001
Turkmenistan	Turkmens	30	17	Wells et al. 2001
Xinjiang	Pamiri Tajiks	31	16.1	Shou et al. 2010
Afghanistan	Uzbeks	126	16	Di Cristofaro et al. 2013
Bukhara	Uzbeks	58	16	Wells et al. 2001
Samarkand	Uzbeks	45	16	Wells et al. 2001
Surkhandarya	Uzbeks	68	16	Wells et al. 2001
Uzbekistan	Uzbeks	366	13.4	Wells et al. 2001
Kazakhstan	Kazakhs	30	13.3	Karafet et al. 2001
Turpan area	Uyghurs	143	9.8	^{[citation needed]}
Hotan area	Uyghurs	478	9.2	^{[citation needed]}
Changji	Hui	175	9.1	^{[citation needed]}
Xinjiang	Dolan Uyghurs	76	7.9	Liu Shuhu et al. 2018
Ningxia	Hui	65	7.7	^{[citation needed]}
Kizilsu	Kyrgyz	241	6.64%	Guo et al. 2020
Kazakhstan	Kazakhs	1294	4.33%	Ashirbekov et al. 2017
Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyz	132	3.79%	Di Cristofaro et al. 2013

J-M172 is found at moderate frequencies among Central Asian people such asUyghurs,Uzbeks,Turkmens,Tajiks,Kazakhs, andYaghnobis. According to the genetic study in Northwest China by Shou et al. (2010), a notable high frequency of J-M172 is observed particularly in Uyghurs 34% and Uzbeks 30.4% inXinjiang,China. Liu Shuhu et al. (2018) found J2a1 (L26/Page55/PF5110/S57, L27/PF5111/S396) in 43.75% (28/64) and J2a2 (L581/S398) in 14.06% (9/64) of a sample of Lop Uyghurs from Qarchugha Village of Yuli (Lopnur) County, Xinjiang, J2a1b1 (M92, M260/Page14) in 25.64% (10/39) of a sample of Keriyan Uyghurs from Darya Boyi Village of Yutian (Keriya) County, Xinjiang, and J2a1 (L26/Page55/PF5110/S57, L27/PF5111/S396) in 3.95% (3/76) and J2a2 (L581/S398) in 3.95% (3/76) of a sample of Dolan Uyghurs from Horiqol Township of Awat County, Xinjiang.^[42] Only far northwestern ethnic minorities had haplogroup J in Xinjiang, China. Uzbeks in the sample had 30.4% J2-M172 andTajiks of Xinjiang and Uyghurs also had it.^[10]

The haplogroup has an ancient presence in Central Asia and seems to have preceded the spread of Islam.^[10] In addition, the immediate ancestor of J-M172, namelyJ* (J-M304*, a.k.a. J-P209*, J-12f2.1*) is also found amongXibo,Kazakh,Dongxiang andUzbek people in Northwest China.

In 2015, two ancient samples belonging to J-M172 or J-M410 (J2a) were found at two differentarchaeological sites inAltai, easternRussia: Kytmanovo and Sary-bel kurgan. Both of the ancient samples are related toIron Age cultures in Altai. Sary-bel J2/J2a is dated to 50 BC whereas Kytmanovo sample is dated to 721-889 AD. Genetic admixture analysis of these samples also suggests that the individuals were more closely related toWest Eurasians than otherAltaians from the same period, although they also seem to be related to present-dayTurkic peoples of the region.^[43]^[44]^[45]

Europe

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Country/Region	Sampling	N	J-M172	Study
Albania		55	19.9	Battaglia et al. 2009
Bosnia-Herzegovina	Serbs	81	8.7	Battaglia et al. 2009
Cyprus		164	12.9	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Greece	Crete	143	35	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Iberia		655	7	Fregel et al. 2009
Iberia		1140	7.7	Adams et al. 2008
Italy	Sicily	212	22.6	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Italy	Mainland	699	20	Capelli et al. 2007
Italy	Central Marche	59	35.6	Capelli et al. 2007
Italy	West Calabria	57	35.1	Capelli et al. 2007
Italy	Val Badia	34	8.8	Capelli et al. 2007
Malta		90	21.1	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Portugal	North, Center, South	303	6.9	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Portugal	Tras-os-Montes (Jews)	57	24.5	Nogueiro et al. 2010
Sardinia		81	9.9	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Spain	Mallorca	62	8.1	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Spain	Sevilla	155	7.8	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Spain	Leon	60	5	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Spain	Ibiza	54	3.7	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Spain	Cantabria	70	2.9	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Spain	Galicia	292	13	^{[citation needed]}
Spain	Canary Islands	652	10.5	Fregel et al. 2009

InEurope, the frequency of Haplogroup J-M172 drops as one moves northward away from theMediterranean. InItaly, J-M172 is found with regional frequencies ranging between 9% and 36%.^[21] InGreece, it is found with regional frequencies ranging between 10% and 48%. Approximately 24% of Turkish men are J-M172,^[14] with regional frequencies ranging between 13% and 40%.^[15] Combined withJ-M267, up to half of the Turkish population belongs toHaplogroup J-P209.

It has been proposed that haplogroup subclade J-M410 was linked to populations on ancient Crete by examining the relationship betweenAnatolian,Cretan, andGreek populations from around early Neolithic sites in Crete. Haplogroup J-M172 was associated withNeolithic Greece (ca. 8500 - 4300 BCE) and was reported to be found in modern Crete (3.1%) and mainland Greece (Macedonia 7.0%,Thessaly 8.8%,Argolis 1.8%).^[46]

North Caucasus

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Country/Region	Sampling	N	J-M172	Study
Caucasus	Abkhaz	58	13.8	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Avar	115	6	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Chechen	330	57	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Adyghe	142	21.8	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Dargins	101	1	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Ingush	143	88.8	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Kaitak	33	3	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Kumyks	73	21	Yunusbayev et al. 2012
Caucasus	Kubachi	65	0	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Lezghins	81	2.5	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Ossets	357	16	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus	Shapsug	100	6	Balanovsky et al. 2011
Caucasus		1525	28.1	Balanovsky et al. 2011

J-M172 is found at very high frequencies in certainpeoples of theCaucasus: among theIngush 87.4%,^[3]Chechens 55.2%,^[3]Georgians 21%-72%,^[5]Azeris 24%^[2]-48%,^[5]Abkhaz 25%,^[18]Balkars 24%,^[20]Ossetians 24%,^[18]Armenians 21%^[5]-24%,^[18]Adyghe 21.8%,^[3] and other groups.^[18]^[36]

West Asia

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Country/Region	Sampling	N	J-M172	Study
Jewish	Ashkenazim Jewish	442	19	Behar et al. 2004
Iran		92	25	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Iraq		154	24	Al-Zahery et al. 2011^[c]
Bahrain	Northern, Capital, Muharraq, South	562	27.6	^[48]
Palestinian Arab	Akka	101	18.6	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Jordan		273	14.6	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Lebanon		951	29.4	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Oman		121	10.0	Abu-Amero et al. 2009
Qatar		72	8.3	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Saudi Arabia		157	14	Abu-Amero et al. 2009^[d]
Syria	Syria	554	20.8	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Turkey		523	24.2	El-Sibai et al. 2009
UAE		164	10.3	El-Sibai et al. 2009
Yemen		62	9.6	El-Sibai et al. 2009

Sephardi Jews have about 15%^[12]-29%,^[13] of haplogroup J-M172, and Ashkenazi Jews have 15%^[24]-23%.^[13] It was reported in an early study which tested only four STR markers that a small sample of ItalianCohens belonged to Network 1.2, an early designation for the overall clade now known as J-L26, defined by the deletion at DYS413.^[49] However, a large number of all Jewish Cohens in the world belong to haplogroupJ-M267 (seeCohen modal haplotype).

Haplogroup J-M172 has been shown to have a more northern distribution in the Middle East, although it exists in significant amounts in the southern middle-east regions, a lesser amount of it was found when compared to its brother haplogroup, J-M267, which has a high frequency southerly distribution. It was believed that the source population of J-M172 originated from the Levant/Syria (Syrid-J-M172), and that its occurrence among modern populations of Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia was a sign of the Neolithic agriculturalists. However, as stated it is now believed more likely to have been spread in waves, as a result of post-Neolithic processes .

South Asia

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Haplogroup J2 has been present inSouth Asia mostly as J2a-M410 and J2b-M102, since Neolithic times (9500 YBP).^[50]^[51]J2-M172 was found to be significantly higher amongDravidian castes at 19% than amongIndo-Aryan castes at 11%. J2-M172 and J-M410 is found 21% amongDravidian middle castes, followed by upper castes, 18.6%, and lower castes 14%.^[52] Among caste groups, the highest frequency of J2-M172 was observed among TamilVellalars of South India, at 38.7%.^[52] J2 is present in Indian tribals too and has a frequency of 11% in Austro-Asiatic tribals. Among the Austro-Asiatic tribals, the predominantJ2 occurs in theAsur tribe (77.5%) albeit with a sample size of 40^[50] and in theLodha (35%) ofWest Bengal.^[52] J2 is also present in the South Indianhill tribe Toda at 38.46% albeit with a sample size of only 26,^[53] in theAndh tribe ofTelangana at 35.19%,^[54] in theNarikuravar tribe at 57.9%^[50] and in theKol tribe ofUttar Pradesh at a frequency of 33.34%.^[55] Haplogroup J-P209 was found to be more common in India'sShia Muslims, of which 28.7% belong to haplogroup J, with 13.7% in J-M410, 10.6% in J-M267 and 4.4% in J2b.^[26]

InPakistan, the highest frequencies of J2-M172 were observed among theParsis at 38.89%, theDravidian speakingBrahui's at 28.18% and the MakraniBalochs at 24%.^[56] It also occurs at 18.18% inMakrani Siddis and at 3% inKarnataka Siddis.^[56]^[57]

J2-M172 is found at an overall frequency of 16.1% in the people ofSri Lanka.^[58] In Maldives, 22% of Maldivian population were found to be haplogroup J2 positive.^[59] Subclades of M172 such as M67 and M92 were not found in either Indian or Pakistani samples which also might hint at a partial common origin.^[52]

J2-M172 has been observed in 15.9% (20/164 J2a-M410, 6/164 J2b2-M241) ofTharu fromUttar Pradesh,^[60] 13.4% (19/202 J2a-M410, 8/202 J2b2-M241) ofTharu fromNepal,^[60]^[61] and 8.9% (4/45 J2a-M410) ofTharu fromUttarakhand.^[60]

Subclade distribution

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HaplogroupJ-M172 is subdivided into two complementary sub-haplogroups:J-M410, defined by theM410genetic marker, andJ-M12, defined by theM12 genetic marker.

J-M172

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J-M172 is typical of populations of theNear East,Southern Europe,Southwest Asia and theCaucasus, with a moderate distribution through much ofCentral Asia,South Asia, andNorth Africa.^[62]

J-M410

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J-M410* is found inGeorgia, North Ossetia.^[63]

J-M47

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J-M47 is found with low frequency inGeorgia,^[20] southernIran,^[64]Qatar,^[65]Saudi Arabia,^[40]Syria,^[2]Tunisia,^[66]Turkey,^[2]^[14]United Arab Emirates,^[65] andCentral Asia/Siberia.^[67]

J-M67

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J-M67 (called J2f in older papers) has its highest frequencies associated withNakh peoples. Found at very high (majority) frequencies among Ingush in Malgobek (87.4%), Chechens in Dagestan (58%), Chechens in Chechnya (56.8%) and Chechens in Malgobek, Ingushetia (50.9%).^[3] In the Caucasus, it is found at significant frequencies among Georgians (13.3%),^[13] Iron Ossetes (11.3%), South Caucasian Balkars (6.3%),^[13] Digor Ossetes (5.5%), Abkhaz (6.9%), and Cherkess (5.6%).^[3] It is also found at notable frequencies in the Mediterranean and Middle East, including Cretans (10.2%), North-central Italians (9.6%), Southern Italians (4.2%; only 0.8% among N. Italians), Anatolian Turks (2.7-5.4%), Greeks (4-4.3%), Albanians (3.6%), Ashkenazi Jews (4.9%), Sephardis (2.4%), Catalans (3.9%), Andalusians (3.2%), Calabrians (3.3%), Albanian Calabrians (8.9%).^[2]^[13]

J-M92/M260, a subclade of J-M67, has been observed in 25.64% (10/39) of a sample of Keriyan Uyghurs from Darya Boyi Village of Yutian (Keriya) County, Xinjiang.^[42] This Uyghur village is located in a remote oasis in theTaklamakan Desert.

J-M319

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J-M319 is found with low to moderate frequency inCretan Greeks,^[11]^[46]Iraqi Jews,^[24] andMoroccan Jews.^[24]

J-M158

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J-M158 (location under L24 uncertain) J-M158 is found with low frequency inTurkey,^[14]South Asia,^[67]^[68]Indochina,^[67] andIberian Peninsula.^{[citation needed]}

Phylogenetics

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In Y-chromosome phylogenetics,subclades are the branches of haplogroups. These subclades are also defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or unique event polymorphisms (UEPs).

Phylogenetic history

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Main article:Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)	(α)	(β)	(γ)	(δ)	(ε)	(ζ)	(η)	YCC 2002 (Longhand)	YCC 2005 (Longhand)	YCC 2008 (Longhand)	YCC 2010r (Longhand)	ISOGG 2006	ISOGG 2007	ISOGG 2008	ISOGG 2009	ISOGG 2010	ISOGG 2011	ISOGG 2012
J-12f2a	9	VI	Med	23	Eu10	H4	B	J*	J	J	J	-	-	-	-	-	-	J
J-M62	9	VI	Med	23	Eu10	H4	B	J1	J1a	J1a	J1a	-	-	-	-	-	-	Private
J-M172	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2*	J2	J2	J2	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2
J-M47	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2a	J2a	J2a1	J2a4a	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1a
J-M68	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2b	J2b	J2a3	J2a4c	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1c
J-M137	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2c	J2c	J2a4	J2a4h2a1	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1h2a1a
J-M158	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2d	J2d	J2a5	J2a4h1	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1h1
J-M12	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2e*	J2e	J2b	J2b	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2b
J-M102	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2e1*	J2e1	J2b	J2b	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2b
J-M99	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2e1a	J2e1a	J2b2a	J2b2a	-	-	-	-	-	-	Private
J-M67	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2f*	J2f	J2a2	J2a4b	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1b
J-M92	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2f1	J2f1	J2a2a	J2a4b1	-	-	-	-	-	-	J2a1b1
J-M163	9	VI	Med	24	Eu9	H4	B	J2f2	J2f2	J2a2b	J2a4b2	-	-	-	-	-	-	Private

Research publications

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The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC Tree.

Phylogenetic trees

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There are several confirmed and proposed phylogenetic trees available for haplogroup J-M172. The scientifically accepted one is the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) one published inKarafet et al. (2008) and subsequently updated. A draft tree that shows emerging science is provided by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center inHouston, Texas. The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) also provides an amateur tree.^{[Phylogenetics 3]}^[69]

The Genomic Research Center draft tree

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This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's draft treeProposed Tree for haplogroup J-M172.^[70] For brevity, only the first three levels of subclades are shown.

M172, L228
- M410, L152, L212, L505, L532, L559
  - PF5008
    - Y182822
      - L581
        Z37823
  - PF4610
    - Z6046
    - L26
- M12, M102, M221, M314, L282
  - M205
  - M241
    - M99
    - M280
    - M321
    - P84
    - L283

The Y-Chromosome Consortium tree

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This is the official scientific tree produced by the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). The last major update was in 2008.^[71] Subsequent updates have been quarterly and biannual. The current version is a revision of the 2010 update.^[72]

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(January 2013)

The ISOGG tree

[edit]

This section needs to beupdated. The reason given is: Source information has been updated and old version is not archived.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2024)

Below are thesubclades of Haplogroup J-M172 with their defining mutation, according to the ISOGG tree as of January 2020^[update].^[73] Note that the descent-based identifiers may be subject to change, as new SNPs are discovered that augment and further refine the tree. For brevity, only the first three levels of subclades are shown.

J2 M172/Page28/PF4908, L228/PF4895/S321
- J2a M410, L152, L212/PF4988, L559/PF4986
  - J2a1 DYS413≤18, L26/Page55/PF5110/S57, F4326/L27/PF5111/S396
    - J2a1a M47, M322
    - J2a1b M67/PF5137/S51
    - J2a1c M68
    - J2a1d M319
    - J2a1e M339
    - J2a1f M419
    - J2a1g P81/PF4275
    - J2a1h L24/S286, L207.1
    - J2a1i L88.2, L198
  - J2a2 L581/PF5026/S398
    - J2a2a P279/PF5065
- J2b M12
  - J2b1 M205
    - J2b1a~ A11525, PH4306, Y22059, Y22060, Y22061, Y22062, Y22063
    - J2b1b~ CTS1969
  - J2b2~ CTS2622/Z1827, CTS11335/Z2440, Z575
    - J2b2a M241

Notes

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^"The extent of differentiation of Hg J, observed both with the biallelic and microsatellite markers, points to the Middle East as its likely homeland. In this area, J-M172 and J-M267 are equally represented and show the highest degree of internal variation, indicating that it is most likely that these subclades also arose in the Middle East."^[2]
^A genetic study on Kalash individuals found high and diverse frequencies.^[27]
^Only 37 of 154 samples (24%) are J2 in Iraq.^[47] 43.6% is the frequency of J2 among all J haplogroup Iraqis, not all haplogroups.
^"The most abundant haplogroups in Saudi Arabia, J1-M267 (42%), J2-M172 (14%), E1-M2 (8%), R1-M17 (5%) and K2-M184 (5%) are also well represented in other Arabian populations (Table 1)."^[40]

References

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Sources for conversion tables

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External links

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Phylogenetic tree of humanY-chromosome DNA haplogroups^{[χ 1]}^{[χ 2]}

This article needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(February 2021)

"Y-chromosomal Adam"

A00

A0-T ^{[χ 3]}

A1 ^{[χ 4]}

A1a

A1b

A1b1

F-Y27277 ^{[χ 5]}

GHIJK

HIJK

IJK

LT ^{[χ 6]}

K2 ^{[χ 7]}

K2b ^{[χ 8]}

K2b1 ^{[χ 9]}

P ^{[χ 10]}

K-M2313 ^{[χ 11]}

M ^{[χ 12]}

S ^{[χ 13]}

Footnotes

^Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".Human Mutation.35 (2):187–91.doi:10.1002/humu.22468.PMID 24166809.S2CID 23291764.
^International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
^Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
^Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
^ F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
^Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
^Between 2002 and 2008,Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned toK-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
^ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
^ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
^ Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
^K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznikop. cit.;YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and;PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
^ Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
^ Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

Phylogenetic notes

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^This table shows the historic names for J-M172 in published peer reviewed literature. Note that in Semino 2000 Eu09 is a subclade of Eu10 and in Karafet 200124 is a subclade of23.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)	J-M172
Jobling & Tyler-Smith 2000	9
Underhill 2000	VI
Hammer 2001	Med
Karafet 2001	24
Semino 2000	Eu9
Su 1999	H4
Capelli 2001	B
YCC 2002 (Longhand)	J2*
YCC 2005 (Longhand)	J2
YCC 2008 (Longhand)	J2
YCC 2010r (Longhand)	J2

^This table shows the historic names for J-P209 (AKA J-12f2.1 or J-M304) in published peer reviewed literature. Note that in Semino 2000 Eu09 is a subclade of Eu10 and in Karafet 200124 is a subclade of23.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)	J-P209 (AKA J-12f2.1 or J-M304)
Jobling & Tyler-Smith 2000	9
Underhill 2000	VI
Hammer 2001	Med
Karafet 2001	23
Semino 2000	Eu10
Su 1999	H4
Capelli 2001	B
YCC 2002 (Longhand)	J*
YCC 2005 (Longhand)	J
YCC 2008 (Longhand)	J
YCC 2010r (Longhand)	J