| Hanifi Rohingya script 𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴇𐴝𐴕𐴞𐴉𐴞 𐴓𐴠𐴑𐴤𐴝 رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ حَنِفِي لࣦكَ࣪ Ruáingga Hanifi leká | |
|---|---|
The word "Rohingya" written in the script | |
| Script type | Abjad |
| Creator | Mohammad Hanif |
| Created | 1980s |
| Direction | Right-to-left script |
| Languages | Rohingya language |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Rohg(167), Hanifi Rohingya |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Hanifi Rohingya |
| U+10D00–U+10D3F | |
| This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. | |
TheHanifi Rohingya script is a unified script for theRohingya language. It is one of three scripts currently used to write the Rohingya language, the other two being theRohingya Arabic alphabet and the Rohingya Latin script.[1] The Rohingya language was first written in the 19th century with a version of thePerso-Arabic script. In 1975, an orthographicArabic script was developed and approved by the community leaders, based on theUrdu alphabet but with unique innovations to make the script suitable to Rohingya.
In the 1980s,Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues created a suitablephonetic script based on the Arabic alphabet; it has been compared to theN’ko script.
This script, unlike the Arabic script, is alphabetical, meaning that all vowels are independent letters, as opposed todiacritics as is the case in Arabic. However, vowels cannot stand on their own and always need to be connected to a consonant similar todiacritics. Therefore, diphthongs cannot be written as vowel-vowel combination even though typographically this is possible. Tone markers are shown as diacritics in Hanifi script. It is written from right to left, following the direction of the Arabic script.[2][3]
The Rohingya script has 28 consonant letters and 10 vowel letters.
| 𐴅 | 𐴄 | 𐴃 | 𐴂 | 𐴁 | 𐴀 |
| 𐴋 | 𐴊 | 𐴉 | 𐴈 | 𐴇 | 𐴆 |
| 𐴑 | 𐴐 | 𐴏 | 𐴎 | 𐴍 | 𐴌 |
| 𐴗 | 𐴖 | 𐴕 | 𐴔 | 𐴓 | 𐴒 |
| 𐴛 | 𐴚 | 𐴙 | 𐴘 |
The script has 10 vowel letters.
| 𐴡 | 𐴠 | 𐴞 | 𐴟 | 𐴝 |
| 𐴧 | 𐴦 | 𐴥 | 𐴤 | 𐴣 |
The script has threetone markers that are shown as diacritics above the vowel letters. The tone markers indicate high, low or falling tones.
| ◌𐴦 | ◌𐴥 | ◌𐴤 |
| Character[4] | Name | Final | Medial | Latin Script | Arabic Script | Pronunciation | Unicode[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 𐴀 | A | 𐴀 | ـ𐴀ـ | - | ا, ع | /ɔ/,/ʔ/ | U+10D00 |
| 𐴁 | BA | 𐴁𐴢 | ـ𐴁ـ | b | ب | /b/ | U+10D01 |
| 𐴂 | PA | 𐴂𐴢 | ـ𐴂ـ | p | پ | /p/ | U+10D02 |
| 𐴃 | TA | 𐴃𐴢 | ـ𐴃ـ | t | ت, ط | /t/ | U+10D03 |
| 𐴄 | TTA | 𐴄𐴢[6] | ـ𐴄ـ | th | ٹ | /ʈ/ | U+10D04 |
| 𐴅 | JA | 𐴅 | ـ𐴅ـ | j | ج | /ɟ/ | U+10D05 |
| 𐴆 | CA | 𐴆 | ـ𐴆ـ | ch | چ | /c/ | U+10D06 |
| 𐴇 | HA | 𐴇𐴢 | ـ𐴇ـ | h, h' | ح, ه | /h/ | U+10D07 |
| 𐴈 | KHA | 𐴈𐴢 | ـ𐴈ـ | h, kh | خ | /x/ | U+10D08 |
| 𐴉 | FA | 𐴉𐴢 | ـ𐴉ـ | f | ف | /f/ | U+10D09 |
| 𐴊 | DA | 𐴊𐴢 | ـ𐴊ـ | d | د, ض | /d/ | U+10D0A |
| 𐴋 | DDA | 𐴋 | ـ𐴋ـ | dh | ڈ | /ɖ/ | U+10D0B |
| 𐴌 | RA | 𐴌 | ـ𐴌ـ | r | ر | /ɾ/ | U+10D0C |
| 𐴍 | RRA | 𐴍 | ـ𐴍ـ | ç | ڑ | /ɽ/ | U+10D0D |
| 𐴎 | ZA | 𐴎 | ـ𐴎ـ | z | ز, ذ, ظ | /z/ | U+10D0E |
| 𐴏 | SA | 𐴏𐴢 | ـ𐴏ـ | s | س, ث, ص | /s/ | U+10D0F |
| 𐴐 | SHA | 𐴐𐴢 | ـ𐴐ـ | c | ش | /ʃ/ | U+10D10 |
| 𐴑 | KA | 𐴑 | ـ𐴑ـ | k | ک, ق | /k/ | U+10D11 |
| 𐴒 | GA | 𐴒𐴢 | ـ𐴒ـ | g | گ | /ɡ/ | U+10D12 |
| 𐴓 | LA | 𐴓𐴢 | ـ𐴓ـ | l | ل | /l/ | U+10D13 |
| 𐴔 | MA | 𐴔 | ـ𐴔ـ | m | م | /m/ | U+10D14 |
| 𐴕 | NA | 𐴕 | ـ𐴕ـ | n | ن | /n/ | U+10D15 |
| 𐴖 | WA | 𐴖𐴢 | ـ𐴖ـ | v | و | /ʋ/,/v/ | U+10D16 |
| 𐴗 | KINNA WA | 𐴗𐴢 | ـ𐴗ـ | u | و | /u̯/ (for cluster or diphthong) | U+10D17 |
| 𐴘 | YA | 𐴘 | ـ𐴘ـ | y | ي | /j/ | U+10D18 |
| 𐴙 | KINNA YA | 𐴙𐴢 | ـ𐴙ـ | i | ي | /i̯/ (for cluster or diphthong) | U+10D19 |
| 𐴚 | NGA = gan | 𐴚 | ـ𐴚ـ | ng | ڠ | /ŋ/ | U+10D1A |
| 𐴛 | NYA = nayya | 𐴛 | ـ𐴛ـ | ny | ني | /ɲ/ | U+10D1B |
| Character | Name | Latin Script | Arabic Script | Pronunciation | Unicode | Character | Name | Latin Script | Arabic Script | Type | IPA | Unicode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 𐴝 | aa-for | a | ◌َ | /a/ | U+10D1D | 𐴢 | Sakin (Ttura/Les) | none | ◌ۡ | Vowel silencer | none | U+10D22 |
| 𐴞 | i-for | i | ◌ِ | /i/ | U+10D1E | 𐴣 | Na-Khonna | ñ (full letter) | ں, ◌ً, ◌ࣧ, ◌ٍ, ◌ࣩ, ◌ٌ, ◌ࣨ | Nasalization mark | /◌̃/ | U+10D23 |
| 𐴟 | u-for | u | ◌ُ | /u/ | U+10D1F | ◌𐴤 | Harbai | á (acute accent) | ◌࣪ / ◌࣭ | Short high tone | /˥/ | U+10D24 |
| 𐴠 | e-for | e | ◌ࣦ | /e/ | U+10D20 | ◌𐴥 | Tela | áa (double, acute at first) | ◌࣫ / ◌࣮ | Long falling tone | /˥˩/ | U+10D25 |
| 𐴡 | o-for | o | ◌ࣤ, ◌ࣥ | /o/ | U+10D21 | ◌𐴦 | Tana | aá (double, acute at second) | ◌࣬ / ◌࣯ | Long rising tone | /˨˦/ | U+10D26 |
| 𐴧 | Tassi | U+10D27 | double consonant |
Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues also created a set of numerals for the Rohingya language, The numbers are based on theHindu–Arabic numerals but with some modifications.
| Name | sifír | ek | dui | tin | sair | fañs | só | háñt | añctho | no |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 𐴏𐴞𐴉𐴞𐴥𐴌 | 𐴀𐴠𐴑 | 𐴊𐴟𐴘 | 𐴃𐴞𐴕 | 𐴏𐴝𐴙𐴌 | 𐴉𐴝𐴣𐴏𐴢 | 𐴏𐴡𐴥 | 𐴇𐴝𐴥𐴣𐴃𐴢 | 𐴀𐴝𐴣𐴐𐴄𐴡 | 𐴕𐴡 | |
| سِفِ࣭رۡ | اࣦكۡ | دُيۡ | تِنۡ | سَيۡرۡ | فَنسۡ | سࣤ࣪ | حَ࣪نتۡ | اَنشۡٹࣤ | نࣤ | |
| Digit | 𐴰 | 𐴱 | 𐴲 | 𐴳 | 𐴴 | 𐴵 | 𐴶 | 𐴷 | 𐴸 | 𐴹 |
| Number | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Unicode | U+10D30 | U+10D31 | U+10D32 | U+10D33 | U+10D34 | U+10D35 | U+10D36 | U+10D37 | U+10D38 | U+10D39 |
The Rohingya script is written from right to left, similar to the Arabic script. There are28 consonants and10 vowels in the Rohingya language.
Each letter sits differently on the four-line writing system:
Understanding these positions is important for learning proper handwriting and preserving the beauty of the Rohingya script.
| 𐴀 | 𐴁 | 𐴃 | 𐴄 | 𐴅 | 𐴆 | 𐴈 | 𐴋 | 𐴌 | 𐴍 | 𐴎 | 𐴑 | 𐴓 | 𐴔 | 𐴕 | 𐴖 | 𐴗 | 𐴘 | 𐴚 | 𐴛 |
| 𐴂 | 𐴇 | 𐴉 | 𐴊 | 𐴏 | 𐴐 | 𐴒 |
| 𐴙 |
The Hanifi Rohingya script was added to theUnicode Standard in June 2018 with the release of version 11.0. Proposals to include it in Unicode were written by linguist Anshuman Pandey.[7]
The Unicode block for Hanifi Rohingya is U+10D00–U+10D3F and contains 50 characters:[8]
| Hanifi Rohingya[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+10D0x | 𐴀 | 𐴁 | 𐴂 | 𐴃 | 𐴄 | 𐴅 | 𐴆 | 𐴇 | 𐴈 | 𐴉 | 𐴊 | 𐴋 | 𐴌 | 𐴍 | 𐴎 | 𐴏 |
| U+10D1x | 𐴐 | 𐴑 | 𐴒 | 𐴓 | 𐴔 | 𐴕 | 𐴖 | 𐴗 | 𐴘 | 𐴙 | 𐴚 | 𐴛 | 𐴜 | 𐴝 | 𐴞 | 𐴟 |
| U+10D2x | 𐴠 | 𐴡 | 𐴢 | 𐴣 | 𐴤 | 𐴥 | 𐴦 | 𐴧 | ||||||||
| U+10D3x | 𐴰 | 𐴱 | 𐴲 | 𐴳 | 𐴴 | 𐴵 | 𐴶 | 𐴷 | 𐴸 | 𐴹 | ||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||

Avirtual keyboard was developed byGoogle for the Rohingya language in 2019 and allows users to type in the Rohingya script. Ahkter Husin, a Rohingya software developer developed a keyboard forAndroid phones which is available onGoogle Play Store. Users can downloadhere. Ahkter Husin and Kyaw Zay Ya Lin Tun developed a keyboard app foriOS which can be foundhere. The RohingyaUnicode keyboard layout can be foundhere.
The following is a Rohingya translation of Article 1 of theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, comparing the Hanifi and Arabic scripts.
| Rohingya in Hanifi Script | .𐴔𐴝𐴕𐴥𐴟𐴙𐴐𐴢 𐴁𐴠𐴒𐴧𐴟𐴤𐴕 𐴀𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊𐴢 𐴇𐴤𐴞𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠,. 𐴀𐴝𐴌 𐴀𐴞𐴎𐴧𐴡𐴃𐴢 𐴀𐴠𐴊𐴧𐴠 𐴇𐴤𐴡𐴑 𐴀𐴥𐴡𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓𐴡𐴃𐴢 ،𐴉𐴤𐴟𐴖𐴝𐴙𐴕𐴧𐴝 𐴇𐴤𐴞𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴉𐴡𐴘𐴊𐴝 𐴀𐴥𐴡𐴘𐴧𐴠. 𐴉𐴡𐴃𐴧𐴞𐴤 𐴀𐴞𐴕𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴕𐴡𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴇𐴡𐴕𐴤𐴡 𐴉𐴡𐴌𐴥𐴡𐴑.𐴏𐴤𐴝𐴌𐴝 𐴀𐴠𐴓𐴝𐴕𐴡𐴃𐴢 𐴀𐴝𐴏𐴤𐴠𐴊𐴠 𐴃𐴝𐴔𐴦𐴝𐴔 𐴇𐴤𐴡𐴑 𐴀𐴥𐴡𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓𐴢 𐴀𐴠𐴊𐴧𐴠 𐴀𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊𐴞 𐴀𐴡𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓𐴢 𐴓𐴡𐴘 𐴉𐴝𐴥𐴘𐴊𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴥𐴡𐴕𐴡𐴌 𐴇𐴤𐴡𐴑 𐴀𐴝𐴌, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴤𐴝𐴌𐴠, 𐴊𐴞𐴓𐴢 𐴀𐴠𐴊𐴧𐴠 𐴊𐴠𐴔𐴝𐴑 𐴊𐴞𐴘𐴧𐴠𐴤. 𐴀𐴥𐴡𐴃𐴡𐴓𐴧𐴝, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴤𐴝𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴓𐴡𐴘. 𐴀𐴝𐴌 𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴁𐴤𐴝𐴘 𐴇𐴤𐴞𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴔𐴦𐴝𐴔𐴠𐴓𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴥𐴡𐴕 𐴏𐴝𐴦. |
|---|---|
| Rohingya in Rohingya Arabic Script | مَنُ࣪شۡ بࣦگُّ࣪نۡ اَزَدۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ، اَرۡ عِزّࣤتۡ اَرۡدࣦ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اࣤ࣪تۡ، فُ࣪وَ࣪نَّ࣪ࢬ حِ࣭سَفࣦ فࣤيۡدَ اࣤ࣪يّࣦ. فࣤتِّ اِنۡسَ࣪نۡ اࣤ࣪تُّ هࣤنࣤ࣪ فࣤرࣤ࣪كۡ سَ࣪رَ࣪ عࣦلَنۡ اࣤتۡ اَسࣦ࣭دࣦ تَمَ࣪مۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اَرۡدࣦ اَزَدِ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ لࣤيۡ فَ࣫يۡدَ࣪ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ اࣤ࣪رۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اَسࣦ࣭. اَرۡ، تَرَ࣪رࣦ࣭ دِلۡ اَرۡدࣦ دࣦمَكۡ دِيࣦ࣭ اࣤ࣪تࣤ࣪لَّ، تَرَ࣪تُّ࣪ اࣦك زࣤنۡ لࣤيۡ اَرۡ اࣦكۡزࣤنۡ بَ࣪يۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ مَامَلَ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ سَ࣬. |
| English original: | "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." |