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Hanifi Rohingya script

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Unified script for the Rohingya language
Hanifi Rohingya script
𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴇𐴝𐴕𐴞𐴉𐴞 𐴓𐴠𐴑𐴤𐴝
رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ حَنِفِي لࣦكَ࣪
Ruáingga Hanifi leká
The word "Rohingya" written in the script
Script type
Abjad
CreatorMohammad Hanif
Created1980s
DirectionRight-to-left script Edit this on Wikidata
LanguagesRohingya language
Related scripts
Parent systems
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Rohg(167), ​Hanifi Rohingya
Unicode
Unicode alias
Hanifi Rohingya
U+10D00–U+10D3F
 This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

TheHanifi Rohingya script is a unified script for theRohingya language. It is one of three scripts currently used to write the Rohingya language, the other two being theRohingya Arabic alphabet and the Rohingya Latin script.[1] The Rohingya language was first written in the 19th century with a version of thePerso-Arabic script. In 1975, an orthographicArabic script was developed and approved by the community leaders, based on theUrdu alphabet but with unique innovations to make the script suitable to Rohingya.

In the 1980s,Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues created a suitablephonetic script based on the Arabic alphabet; it has been compared to theN’ko script.

This script, unlike the Arabic script, is alphabetical, meaning that all vowels are independent letters, as opposed todiacritics as is the case in Arabic. However, vowels cannot stand on their own and always need to be connected to a consonant similar todiacritics. Therefore, diphthongs cannot be written as vowel-vowel combination even though typographically this is possible. Tone markers are shown as diacritics in Hanifi script. It is written from right to left, following the direction of the Arabic script.[2][3]

Characters

[edit]

The Rohingya script has 28 consonant letters and 10 vowel letters.

Letters
𐴅𐴄𐴃𐴂𐴁𐴀
𐴋𐴊𐴉𐴈𐴇𐴆
𐴑𐴐𐴏𐴎𐴍𐴌
𐴗𐴖𐴕𐴔𐴓𐴒
𐴛𐴚𐴙𐴘

The script has 10 vowel letters.

Vowels
𐴡𐴠𐴞𐴟𐴝
𐴧𐴦𐴥𐴤𐴣

The script has threetone markers that are shown as diacritics above the vowel letters. The tone markers indicate high, low or falling tones.

Tone marks
◌𐴦◌𐴥◌𐴤

Letters and their pronunciations and their equivalents

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Character[4]NameFinalMedialLatin ScriptArabic ScriptPronunciationUnicode[5]
𐴀A𐴀ـ𐴀ـ-ا, ع/ɔ/,/ʔ/U+10D00
𐴁BA𐴁𐴢 ـ𐴁ـbب/b/U+10D01
𐴂PA𐴂𐴢 ـ𐴂ـpپ/p/U+10D02
𐴃TA𐴃𐴢 ـ𐴃ـtت, ط/t/U+10D03
𐴄TTA𐴄𐴢[6] ـ𐴄ـthٹ/ʈ/U+10D04
𐴅JA𐴅 ـ𐴅ـjج/ɟ/U+10D05
𐴆CA𐴆 ـ𐴆ـchچ/c/U+10D06
𐴇HA𐴇𐴢 ـ𐴇ـh, h'ح, ه/h/U+10D07
𐴈KHA𐴈𐴢 ـ𐴈ـh, khخ/x/U+10D08
𐴉FA𐴉𐴢 ـ𐴉ـf‌‌ ف/f/U+10D09
𐴊DA𐴊𐴢 ـ𐴊ـd‌د, ض/d/U+10D0A
𐴋DDA𐴋 ـ𐴋ـdhڈ/ɖ/U+10D0B
𐴌RA𐴌ـ𐴌ـrر/ɾ/U+10D0C
𐴍RRA𐴍ـ𐴍ـçڑ/ɽ/U+10D0D
𐴎ZA𐴎ـ𐴎ـz‌ ز, ذ, ظ/z/U+10D0E
𐴏SA𐴏𐴢ـ𐴏ـsس, ث, ص/s/U+10D0F
𐴐SHA𐴐𐴢ـ𐴐ـc‌ش/ʃ/U+10D10
𐴑KA𐴑 ـ𐴑ـk‌ ک‌, ق/k/U+10D11
𐴒GA𐴒𐴢ـ𐴒ـg‌ گ/ɡ/U+10D12
𐴓LA𐴓𐴢 ـ𐴓ـl‌ ل/l/U+10D13
𐴔MA𐴔ـ𐴔ـmم/m/U+10D14
𐴕NA𐴕ـ𐴕ـnن/n/U+10D15
𐴖WA𐴖𐴢ـ𐴖ـv‌ و/ʋ/,/v/U+10D16
𐴗KINNA WA𐴗𐴢ـ𐴗ـu‌ و//
(for cluster or diphthong)
U+10D17
𐴘YA𐴘ـ𐴘ـy‌ ي/j/U+10D18
𐴙KINNA YA𐴙𐴢ـ𐴙ـi‌ ي//
(for cluster or diphthong)
U+10D19
𐴚NGA = gan𐴚ـ𐴚ـngڠ/ŋ/U+10D1A
𐴛NYA = nayya𐴛ـ𐴛ـnyني/ɲ/U+10D1B

Vowels and tone markers

[edit]
CharacterNameLatin ScriptArabic ScriptPronunciationUnicodeCharacterNameLatin ScriptArabic ScriptTypeIPAUnicode
𐴝aa-fora◌َ/a/U+10D1D𐴢Sakin (Ttura/Les)none◌ۡVowel silencernoneU+10D22
𐴞i-fori‌ ◌ِ/i/U+10D1E𐴣Na-Khonnañ (full letter)ں, ◌ً, ◌ࣧ, ◌ٍ, ◌ࣩ, ◌ٌ, ◌ࣨNasalization mark/◌̃/U+10D23
𐴟u-foru‌ ◌ُ/u/U+10D1F◌𐴤Harbaiá (acute accent)‌ ◌࣪ / ◌࣭Short high tone/˥/U+10D24
𐴠e-fore◌ࣦ/e/U+10D20◌𐴥Telaáa (double, acute at first)◌࣫ / ◌࣮Long falling tone/˥˩/U+10D25
𐴡o-foro◌ࣤ, ◌ࣥ/o/U+10D21◌𐴦Tanaaá (double, acute at second)◌࣬ / ◌࣯Long rising tone/˨˦/U+10D26
𐴧TassiU+10D27double consonant

Numbers

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Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues also created a set of numerals for the Rohingya language, The numbers are based on theHindu–Arabic numerals but with some modifications.

Namesifírekduitinsairfañsháñtañcthono
𐴏𐴞𐴉𐴞𐴥𐴌𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴊𐴟𐴘𐴃𐴞𐴕𐴏𐴝𐴙𐴌𐴉𐴝𐴣𐴏𐴢𐴏𐴡𐴥𐴇𐴝𐴥𐴣𐴃𐴢𐴀𐴝𐴣𐴐𐴄𐴡𐴕𐴡
سِفِ࣭رۡاࣦكۡدُيۡتِنۡسَيۡرۡفَنسۡسࣤ࣪حَ࣪نتۡاَنشۡٹࣤنࣤ
Digit𐴰𐴱𐴲𐴳𐴴𐴵𐴶𐴷𐴸𐴹
Number0123456789
UnicodeU+10D30U+10D31U+10D32U+10D33U+10D34U+10D35U+10D36U+10D37U+10D38U+10D39

Rohingya Alphabet Writing System on Four Lines

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The Rohingya script is written from right to left, similar to the Arabic script. There are28 consonants and10 vowels in the Rohingya language.

Each letter sits differently on the four-line writing system:

  • 21 alphabets are writtenabove the middle three lines
  • 6 alphabets are writtenwithin the middle two lines
  • 1 alphabet is writtenbelow the middle two lines

Understanding these positions is important for learning proper handwriting and preserving the beauty of the Rohingya script.


21 Alphabets Written Above the Middle Three Lines

[edit]
𐴀𐴁𐴃𐴄𐴅𐴆𐴈𐴋𐴌𐴍𐴎𐴑𐴓𐴔𐴕𐴖𐴗𐴘𐴚𐴛

6 Alphabets Written Within the Middle Two Lines

[edit]
𐴂𐴇𐴉𐴊𐴏𐴐𐴒

1 Alphabet Written Below the Middle Two Lines

[edit]
𐴙

Unicode

[edit]
Main article:Hanifi Rohingya (Unicode block)

The Hanifi Rohingya script was added to theUnicode Standard in June 2018 with the release of version 11.0. Proposals to include it in Unicode were written by linguist Anshuman Pandey.[7]

The Unicode block for Hanifi Rohingya is U+10D00–U+10D3F and contains 50 characters:[8]

Hanifi Rohingya[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+10D0x𐴀𐴁𐴂𐴃𐴄𐴅𐴆𐴇𐴈𐴉𐴊𐴋𐴌𐴍𐴎𐴏
U+10D1x𐴐𐴑𐴒𐴓𐴔𐴕𐴖𐴗𐴘𐴙𐴚𐴛𐴜𐴝𐴞𐴟
U+10D2x𐴠𐴡𐴢𐴣𐴤𐴥𐴦𐴧
U+10D3x𐴰𐴱𐴲𐴳𐴴𐴵𐴶𐴷𐴸𐴹
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 17.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

Fonts

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  • Google's Noto Sans has developed a Rohingya script font calledNoto Sans Hanifi Rohingya, available atGitHub.
  • Rohingya Hanifi Script font stylesGoogle Playstore
  • Rohingya Hanifi Script font stylesApp Store

Rohingya keyboard

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Layout of the Rohingya virtual keyboard.

Avirtual keyboard was developed byGoogle for the Rohingya language in 2019 and allows users to type in the Rohingya script. Ahkter Husin, a Rohingya software developer developed a keyboard forAndroid phones which is available onGoogle Play Store. Users can downloadhere. Ahkter Husin and Kyaw Zay Ya Lin Tun developed a keyboard app foriOS which can be foundhere. The RohingyaUnicode keyboard layout can be foundhere.

Sample text

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The following is a Rohingya translation of Article 1 of theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, comparing the Hanifi and Arabic scripts.

Rohingya in Hanifi Script.𐴔𐴝𐴕𐴥𐴟𐴙𐴐𐴢 𐴁𐴠𐴒𐴧𐴟𐴤𐴕 𐴀𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊𐴢 𐴇𐴤𐴞𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠,. 𐴀𐴝𐴌 𐴀𐴞𐴎𐴧𐴡𐴃𐴢 𐴀𐴠𐴊𐴧𐴠 𐴇𐴤𐴡𐴑 𐴀𐴥𐴡𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓𐴡𐴃𐴢 ،𐴉𐴤𐴟𐴖𐴝𐴙𐴕𐴧𐴝 𐴇𐴤𐴞𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴉𐴡𐴘𐴊𐴝 𐴀𐴥𐴡𐴘𐴧𐴠. 𐴉𐴡𐴃𐴧𐴞𐴤 𐴀𐴞𐴕𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴕𐴡𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴇𐴡𐴕𐴤𐴡 𐴉𐴡𐴌𐴥𐴡𐴑.𐴏𐴤𐴝𐴌𐴝 𐴀𐴠𐴓𐴝𐴕𐴡𐴃𐴢 𐴀𐴝𐴏𐴤𐴠𐴊𐴠 𐴃𐴝𐴔𐴦𐴝𐴔 𐴇𐴤𐴡𐴑 𐴀𐴥𐴡𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓𐴢 𐴀𐴠𐴊𐴧𐴠 𐴀𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊𐴞 𐴀𐴡𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓𐴢 𐴓𐴡𐴘 𐴉𐴝𐴥𐴘𐴊𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴥𐴡𐴕𐴡𐴌 𐴇𐴤𐴡𐴑 𐴀𐴝𐴌, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴤𐴝𐴌𐴠, 𐴊𐴞𐴓𐴢 𐴀𐴠𐴊𐴧𐴠 𐴊𐴠𐴔𐴝𐴑 𐴊𐴞𐴘𐴧𐴠𐴤. 𐴀𐴥𐴡𐴃𐴡𐴓𐴧𐴝, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴤𐴝𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴓𐴡𐴘. 𐴀𐴝𐴌 𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴁𐴤𐴝𐴘 𐴇𐴤𐴞𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴔𐴦𐴝𐴔𐴠𐴓𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴥𐴡𐴕 𐴏𐴝𐴦.
Rohingya in Rohingya Arabic Scriptمَنُ࣪شۡ بࣦگُّ࣪نۡ اَزَدۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ، اَرۡ عِزّࣤتۡ اَرۡدࣦ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اࣤ࣪تۡ، فُ࣪وَ࣪نَّ࣪ࢬ حِ࣭سَفࣦ فࣤيۡدَ اࣤ࣪يّࣦ. فࣤتِّ اِنۡسَ࣪نۡ اࣤ࣪تُّ هࣤنࣤ࣪ فࣤرࣤ࣪كۡ سَ࣪رَ࣪ عࣦلَنۡ اࣤتۡ اَسࣦ࣭دࣦ تَمَ࣪مۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اَرۡدࣦ اَزَدِ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ لࣤيۡ فَ࣫يۡدَ࣪ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ اࣤ࣪رۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اَسࣦ࣭. اَرۡ، تَرَ࣪رࣦ࣭ دِلۡ اَرۡدࣦ دࣦمَكۡ دِيࣦ࣭ اࣤ࣪تࣤ࣪لَّ، تَرَ࣪تُّ࣪ اࣦك زࣤنۡ لࣤيۡ اَرۡ اࣦكۡزࣤنۡ بَ࣪يۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ مَامَلَ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ سَ࣬.
English original:"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

References

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  1. ^"Rohingya alphabets, pronunciation and language".Omniglot. Simon Ager.Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved9 October 2017.
  2. ^James, Ian (5 July 2012)."Hanifi alphabet for Rohingya".Sky Knowledge.Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved9 October 2017.
  3. ^Ager, Simon."Hanifi Rohingya alphabet".
  4. ^This table can be viewed correctly using Firefox and the fontNoto Sans Rohingya.
  5. ^"Unicode 11.0.0".Unicode Consortium.Archived from the original on 2018-06-06. Retrieved2018-06-05.
  6. ^"EXAMPLE 1".SciVee. 2010-09-13. Retrieved2024-08-30.
  7. ^Pandey, Anshuman (27 October 2015)."Proposal to encode the Hanifi Rohingya script in Unicode"(PDF).The Unicode Consortium.Archived(PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved9 October 2017.
  8. ^"Unicode 11.0.0".Unicode Consortium. 5 June 2018.Archived from the original on 6 June 2018. Retrieved5 June 2018.

External links

[edit]


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