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Hamza Yusuf

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American Islamic scholar (born 1958)
Not to be confused with the Scottish politicianHumza Yousaf.
Hamza Yusuf
Yusuf in 2022
TitleShaykh
Personal life
Born
Mark Hanson

1958 (age 66–67)
Main interest(s)Tasawwuf,Aqida,Fiqh, Islamic Eschatology
Education
OccupationIslamic scholar,Author
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceMaliki[3]
CreedAsh'ari
MovementIslamic neo-traditionalism
Websitesandala.org

Hamza Yusuf (bornMark Hanson; 1958)[4] is an AmericanIslamic scholar,neo-traditionalist,[5][6][2][7] and co-founder ofZaytuna College.[1][8] He is a proponent of classical learning in Islam and has promotedIslamic sciences and classical teaching methodologies throughout the world.[9]

He is an advisor to both the Center for Islamic Studies at theGraduate Theological Union in Berkeley and the Islamic Studies programme atStanford University.[10][11][12] In addition, he serves as vice-president for the Global Center for Guidance and Renewal, which was founded and is currently presided over byAbdallah bin Bayyah.[13][14] He also serves as vice-president of theUnited Arab Emirates-based Forum for Promoting Peace in Muslim Societies, where bin Bayyah also serves as president.[15] The Forum has attracted huge controversy for its close ties to theUAE government, Yusuf's personal support forauthoritarian leaders since theArab Spring, and Yusuf's support for theAbraham Accords between Israel and the UAE.[16][17][18][19]

Yusuf has been listed in the top 50 ofThe 500 Most Influential Muslims publication.[20] His detractors, however, have widely criticised him for his stance on race, politics, theSyrian revolution, and thePalestinian-Israeli conflict.[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]

Early life and education

[edit]

Yusuf was born as Mark Hanson inWalla Walla, Washington to two academics working atWhitman College, and was raised in northern California.[1] He grew up as a practicingIrish Catholic Christian and attended prep schools on both the East and West coasts. In 1977, after anear-death experience in a car accident andreading theQur'an, he converted to Islam.[1][30] Yusuf hasIrish,Scottish andGreek ancestry.[31]

After being impressed by a young couple fromSaudi Arabia who were followers ofAbdalqadir as-Sufi[32]—aScottish convert to Islam and leader of theDarqawa Sufi order and theMurabitun World Movement—Yusuf moved toNorwich, England to study directly under as-Sufi.[33][34] In 1979, Yusuf moved toAl Ain in theUnited Arab Emirates where he spent the next four years studyingSharia sciences at the Islamic Studies Institute of theUnited Arab Emirates University,[35] more often on a one-on-one basis with Islamic scholars.[33] Yusuf became fluent in theArabic language and also learned Qur'anic recitation (tajwid), rhetoric, poetry, law (fiqha) and theology (aqidah) among other classical Islamic disciplines.[33]

In 1984, Yusuf formally disassociated himself from as-Sufi's teachings and moved in a different intellectual direction, having been influenced by a number of Mauritanian scholars residing in the Emirates. He moved toNorth Africa in 1984 and studied inAlgeria andMorocco, as well asSpain andMauritania.[36] In Mauritania he developed his most lasting and powerful relationship with Islamic scholar Sidi Muhammad Ould Fahfu al-Massumi, known asMurabit al-Hajj.[33]

In 2020, Yusuf completed his Ph.D. at theGraduate Theological Union. His dissertation was titled, "The Normative Islamic Tradition in North andWest Africa: A Case Study of Transmission of Authority and Distillation of Knowledge inIbn Ashir’s Al-Murshid al-Mu’in (The Helpful Guide)." Yusuf previously earned an associate degree in nursing fromImperial Valley College and a bachelor's degree in religious studies fromSan José State University.[37]

Scholarly career

[edit]

Zaytuna College

[edit]

He and other colleagues founded theZaytuna Institute inBerkeley, California, United States, in 1996,[1] dedicated to the revival of traditional study methods and the sciences of Islam.[38] He was joined byZaid Shakir and Hatem Bazian in establishing what was then Zaytuna Institute. In fall 2010, it opened its doors as Zaytuna College, a four-year Muslimliberal arts college, the first of its kind in the United States.[39] It incorporates Yusuf's vision of combining the classical liberal arts—based in thetrivium andquadrivium—with rigorous training in traditional Islamic disciplines. It aims to "educate and prepare morally committed professional, intellectual, and spiritual leaders".[40] Zaytuna College became the first accredited Muslim campus in the United States after it received approval from theWestern Association of Schools and Colleges.[41][42] Yusuf stated that "We hope, God willing, that there will be more such Muslim colleges and universities to come".[41]

Interfaith

[edit]

Yusuf participates in the Forum for Promoting Peace in Muslim Societies hosted by the UAE. He praised the UAE for its increasing tolerance and its adoption of multi-faith initiatives and plans to build a multi-faith centre inAbu Dhabi.[43]

Views and influence

[edit]

Jordan'sRoyal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre currently places him 36th on its list of the top 500 most influential Muslims in the world.[44][45] In its 2016 edition, Yusuf is described "as one of the foremost authorities on Islam outside of the Muslim world" byThe 500 Most Influential Muslims, edited byJohn Esposito andIbrahim Kalin.[44] Additionally, JournalistGraeme Wood has referred to Yusuf "one the two most prominent Muslim scholars in the United States today".[46]

Yusuf has taken a stance against religious justifications for terrorist attacks.[47] He described the9/11 attacks as "an act of mass murder, pure and simple". Condemning the attacks, he also stated that "Islam was hijacked ... on that plane as an innocent victim."[48]

Yusuf is one of the signatories[49] ofA Common Word Between Us and You, an open letter by Islamic scholars to Christian leaders calling forpeace andunderstanding. Yusuf was also one of the signatories of anopen letter to formerISIS leaderAbu Bakr al-Baghdadi that sought to refute the principles promoted by theterrorist organization.[50][non-primary source needed]

Hamza Yusuf has been involved in controversies in recent years on issues of race, politics, and theArab revolutions, including as a result of his support for theAbraham Accords and UAE government, and for "positing blame on the Palestinians for their suffering".[21][22][23][24][25][26][18][27]

Comments on the Syrian Revolution

[edit]

In 2019, in reference to Arab Spring protests against Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad, Yusuf criticized the Syrian Revolution, stating that "If you humiliate a ruler, God will humiliate you." Although some viewed these comments as supportive of theSyrian regime, this has been rejected by Yusuf, who made a statement of response.[23][51][52][53]

2016 Black Lives Matter comments

[edit]

In December 2016, Yusuf made comments that were perceived as critical of the tactics employed by theBlack Lives Matter movement. He argued that, "The United States is probably, in terms of its laws, one of the least racist societies in the world." He also stated that, “We have between 15,000 and 18,000 homicides per year. Fifty percent are black-on-black crime, literally." He added, "There are twice as many whites that have been shot by police, but nobody ever shows those videos.”[54] Yusuf was criticized for these comments, including on social media.[24][54]Zaid Shakir, co-founder of Zaytuna College, defended Yusuf, writing that "I can say with absolute confidence that there is not a racist bone in Shaykh Hamza’s body. A racist is someone who believes in the superiority of one race over another. Shaykh Hamza, like any serious Muslim, totally rejects that idea."[55]

Publications

[edit]
Publications and works by Hamza Yusuf
TitleDescriptionYearType
Agenda to Change our Condition[56]Co-authored withZaid Shakir1999Books and Pamphlets
Imām al-Zarnūjī,Instruction of the Student: The Method of LearningTranslated byG.E. Von Grunebaum.2001Books with a foreword or introduction
Beyond schooling: building communities where learning really matters Also includes essays byJohn Taylor Gatto,Dorothy L Sayers and Nabila Hanson. Re-edited in 2010 asEducating Your Child in Modern Times: How to Raise an Intelligent, Sovereign & Ethical Human Being.2003Books and Pamphlets
Imām Busiri,TheBurda: Poem of the Cloak[57]Includes a CD of performances byThe Fez Singers feat. Bennis Abdelfettah.2003Translations
Mostafa Al-Badawî,The Prophetic Invocations2003Books with a foreword or introduction
Shaykh Al-Amin Mazrui,The Content of CharacterForeword byAli Mazrui, son of the author.2004Translations
Imām Mawlūd,Purification of the Heart: Signs, Symptoms and Cures of the Spiritual Diseases of the Heart[58]Translation and commentary of the poemMaṭharat al-Qulūb composed by a 19th-centuryMauritanian scholar.2004Translations
Imām Ṭaḥāwī,The Creed of Imam al-Tahawi2007Translations
Caesarean Moon Births: Calculations, Moon Sighting, and the Prophetic Way[59][60]Available in2008Books and Pamphlets
Climbing Mount PurgatorioArchived 2014-09-05 at theWayback Machine2008Papers
The Prayer of the Oppressed by Imām Muhammad bin Nasir al-Dar'i[61]Includes a CD of performances byThe Fez Singers.2010Translations
Joseph Lumbard,Submission, faith and beauty: the religion of IslamCo-edited withZaid Shakir.2009Edited Books
Hamza Yusuf,Walk on Water: The Wisdom of Jesus from Traditional Islamic Sources[62]2010Article
Reza Shah-Kazemi,Common Ground Between Islam and Buddhism: Spiritual and Ethical Affinities2010Books with a foreword or introduction
Asad Tarsin,Being Muslim: A Practical Guide2015Books with a foreword or introduction
Shaykh Al-Amin Ali Mazrui,The Content of Character: Ethical Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ[63][64]Translation and Introduction by Hamza Yusuf. Collected by Shaykh Al-Amin Ali Mazrui2015Translation and Introduction
Edwin Arnold,Pearls of the Faith[65]2017Edited and Prefaced
Scott F. Crider,The Art of Persuasion Aristotle's Rhetoric for Everybody[66]TheZaytuna Curriculum Series2019Books with a foreword or introduction
Shaykh Ahmad Badawi Tayyib al-Asma,The Mindful Messenger: Occasional Supplications of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ[67]2022Translations

Poems

[edit]
  • Spring's Gift
  • Be Like Ahmed, a poem dedicated to the Prophet Mohammed, recited at the ceremony of the Prophet's birthday on the 12th of Rabi' al-Awwal (9th of October 2022).

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdeE. Curtis, Edward (2009).The Columbia Sourcebook of Muslims in the United States. Columbia University Press. p. 405.ISBN 978-0231139571.
  2. ^abCesari, Jocelyne (2004).When Islam and Democracy Meet: Muslims in Europe and in the United States. Pelgrave MacMillan. p. 150.ISBN 1403978565.
  3. ^"Prominent Malikis in the American milieu include the founder of the Zaytuna Institute Shaykh Hamza Yusuf Hanson". Jocelyne Cesari, Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States, p 23.
  4. ^"إضاءات :. حمزة يوسف".youtube.com. 5 October 2011.Archived from the original on 2021-12-12.
  5. ^al-Azami, U. (2019-09-26).Neo-traditionalist Sufis and Arab politics: a preliminary mapping of the transnational networks of counter-revolutionary scholars after the Arab revolutions. C.Hurst & Co. Ltd.ISBN 978-1-78738-134-6.
  6. ^Quisay, Walaa (2019).Neo-traditionalism in the West: navigating modernity, tradition, and politics (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
  7. ^Multiple sources :
  8. ^Grewal, Zareena (2014).Islam Is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority. New York University Press. p. 377.ISBN 978-1479800568.
  9. ^Cesari, Jocelyne (2007).Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States. Greenwood Press. p. 643.ISBN 978-0313336256.
  10. ^"Carnegie Workshop Biographies". 10 May 2012.
  11. ^Affairs, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World."Hamza Yusuf".berkleycenter.georgetown.edu. Retrieved2022-07-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^"Sheikh Hamza Yusuf Hanson".Religions for Peace. 13 October 2020. Retrieved2022-07-13.
  13. ^"Introducing global center for renewal and guidance « Bin Bayyah".binbayyah.net. Archived fromthe original on 2012-11-12.
  14. ^Haque, Mozammel."Introducing global center for renewal and guidance".Saudi Gazette. Archived fromthe original on December 19, 2014. RetrievedDecember 19, 2014.
  15. ^Yusuf, Hamza (2016-06-24)."Opinion | The Orlando shooter Googled my name. I wish he had reached out to me".Washington Post.ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved2018-01-20.
  16. ^Sarant, Louise (2015-07-22)."UAE's Masdar launches first models to predict Emirates' climate evolution".Nature Middle East.doi:10.1038/nmiddleeast.2015.121.ISSN 2042-6046.
  17. ^Parikh, Crystal (2009-04-13),"Epilogue: The Traitors in Our Midst",An Ethics of Betrayal, Fordham University Press, pp. 160–172,doi:10.5422/fso/9780823230426.003.0006,ISBN 9780823230426,S2CID 183278363, retrieved2023-03-14
  18. ^ab"Influential Muslim scholar Hamza Yusuf criticised for backing UAE-Israel deal".Middle East Eye. Retrieved2025-01-10.
  19. ^AL-AZAMI, USAAMA (2022).ISLAM AND THE ARAB REVOLUTIONS : the ulama between democracy and autocracy. [S.l.]: C HURST & CO PUB LTD.ISBN 978-1-78738-822-2.OCLC 1304817590.
  20. ^"Hamza Yusuf Hanson".The Muslim 500. 27 May 2018. Retrieved2020-01-13.
  21. ^ab"Sheikh Hamza Yusuf Hanson".The Muslim 500. 27 May 2018. Retrieved2019-09-28.
  22. ^abBokth, Noshin (2019-07-19)."The controversy of Hamza Yusuf being appointed Human Rights Adviser to the Trump administration - TMV". Retrieved2019-09-28.
  23. ^abcHamza Yusuf under fire for comments about the Syrian revolution, 11 September 2019,archived from the original on 2021-12-12, retrieved2019-09-28
  24. ^abcHilal, Maha."It's time for Muslim Americans to condemn Hamza Yusuf".aljazeera.com. Retrieved2019-09-28.
  25. ^ab"Hamza Yusuf and the struggle for the soul of western Islam".Middle East Eye. Retrieved2019-09-28.
  26. ^ab5Pillars (2016-12-25)."Hamza Yusuf stokes controversy with comments about Black Lives Matter and political Islam".5Pillars. Retrieved2019-09-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ab"Influential Muslim scholar criticised for calling the UAE a 'tolerant country'".Middle East Eye. Retrieved2019-09-28.
  28. ^al-Azami, Dr Usaama (2019-09-15)."Shaykh Hamza Yusuf And The Question of Rebellion In The Islamic Tradition".MuslimMatters.org. Retrieved2023-04-29.
  29. ^"American Islamic scholar Hamza Yusuf interrupted at Canada conference over Gaza remarks – Middle East Monitor".
  30. ^O'Sullivan, Jack (October 7, 2001)."If you hate the west, emigrate to a Muslim country".The Guardian. London.
  31. ^O'Sullivan, Jack (October 7, 2001)."If you hate the west, emigrate to a Muslim country".The Guardian. London. RetrievedNovember 22, 2011.
  32. ^Read Secret Practices of the Sufi Freemasons Online by Baron Rudolf von Sebottendorff | Books.
  33. ^abcdGrewal, ZareenaIslam Is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority p 160-171
  34. ^Ukeles, RaquelThe Evolving Muslim Community in America: The Impact of 9/11 p 101
  35. ^Tariq, Aisha."From student to honoured guest".Khaleej Times. Retrieved2023-02-09.
  36. ^Grewal, Zareena (2014).Islam Is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority. New York University Press. p. 161.ISBN 978-1479800568.
  37. ^"Hamza Yusuf".zaytuna.edu. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  38. ^Daniel Brumberg, Dina Shehata, Conflict, Identity, and Reform in the Muslim World: Challenges for U.S Engagement, p 367
  39. ^Romig, Rollo (May 20, 2013)."Where Islam Meets America".New Yorker. RetrievedDecember 19, 2014.
  40. ^"Zaytuna College".zaytunacollege.org. Archived fromthe original on 2014-04-10. Retrieved2017-10-26.
  41. ^abSong, Jason (March 11, 2015)."Muslim college gains accreditation".Los Angeles Times. RetrievedMarch 12, 2015.
  42. ^"US gets its first accredited Muslim college".The Express Tribune. March 12, 2015. RetrievedMarch 12, 2015.
  43. ^"Plans for multi-faith centre in Abu Dhabi presented to the UN".The National. 6 December 2019. Retrieved2020-04-26.
  44. ^ab"The 2016 Edition is Here!"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2016-01-26. Retrieved2017-06-04.
  45. ^Esposito, J. (2009).The 500 Most Influential Muslims. Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 86.ISBN 978-9957-428-37-2.
  46. ^Wood, Graeme (2016)."The War of the End of Time".The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State. Random House. p. 214.ISBN 9780812988765.
  47. ^Cohen, Charles L.; Numbers, Ronald L. (2013).Gods in America: Religious Pluralism in the United States. Oxford University Press. p. 186.ISBN 978-0199931927.
  48. ^O'Sullivan, Jack (2001-10-08)."If you hate the west, emigrate to a Muslim country".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved2019-09-28.
  49. ^"Signatories - A Common Word Between Us and You".acommonword.com.
  50. ^College, Zaytuna [@zaytunacollege] (2014-09-24)."A Letter responding to #ISIS leader al-Baghdadi and signed by Shaykh Hamza Yusuf as well as 125 Sunni scholars... http://fb.me/6M9gDKUy1" (Tweet). Retrieved2020-01-16 – viaTwitter.
  51. ^"Hamza Yusuf issues apology for 'hurting feelings' with Syria comments".Middle East Eye. Retrieved2019-09-28.
  52. ^Arab, The New (10 September 2019)."Outrage as Hamza Yusuf releases video mocking Syrian refugees".alaraby. Retrieved2019-09-28.
  53. ^Yusuf, Hamza (13 September 2019)."Don't Curse the People of Syria".Youtube.
  54. ^abGreen, Emma (2017-03-11)."Muslim Americans Are United by Trump—and Divided by Race".The Atlantic. Retrieved2025-01-10.
  55. ^"Imam Zaid Shakir".facebook.com. Archived fromthe original on 2022-02-26. Retrieved2020-04-26.
  56. ^"Agenda to Change Our Condition".Zaytuna College Bookstore. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  57. ^"The Burda of Al-Busiri - The Poem of the Cloak".Zaytuna College Bookstore. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  58. ^"Purification of the Heart".Zaytuna College Bookstore. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  59. ^"Caesarean Moon Births | 2nd Edition".Zaytuna College Bookstore. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  60. ^Yusuf, Hamza (2008-09-01).Caesarean Moon Births: Calculations, Moon Sighting, and the Prophetic Way. Fons Vitae.ISBN 978-0-9702843-2-7.
  61. ^"The Prayer of the Oppressed".Zaytuna College Bookstore. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  62. ^Team, Content (2010-01-02)."Walk on Water: The Wisdom of Jesus from Traditional Islamic Sources - Shaykh Hamza Yusuf".SeekersGuidance. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  63. ^"Hamza Yusuf".zaytuna.edu. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  64. ^"The Content of Character".Zaytuna College Bookstore. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  65. ^"Pearls of the Faith".Zaytuna College Bookstore. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  66. ^"The Art of Persuasion: Aristotle's Rhetoric for Everybody".Zaytuna College Bookstore. Retrieved2024-03-24.
  67. ^"zaytuna Publisher Publications".Issuu. Retrieved2024-10-15.

External links

[edit]
Hamza Yusuf at Wikipedia'ssister projects
Wikiquote has quotations related toHamza Yusuf.

Photos

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