Hammarby Fotboll, more commonly known asHammarby IF or simplyHammarby[1] (Swedish pronunciation:[ˈhâmːa(r)ˌbyː]or, especially locally,[-ˌbʏ]), is a Swedish professionalfootball club fromStockholm founded in 1915. The club is based at3 Arena inJohanneshov but founded in the neighbouringSödermalm district ofStockholm City Centre, an area that is considered the club's heartland.
The club's colours are green and white, which are reflected in its crest and kit. Between 1918 and 1978, however, the club played in black-and-yellow striped home shirts, which since often form the club's away colors.
It is known for its vociferous fans and for having the highest average attendance in theNordic countries.[5] Drawing inspiration from England, Hammarby fans introducedfootball chants to the Swedish terraces in 1970.[6][7] Hammarby is one of largest football clubs in Europe in terms of the number of active players of all ages – with some 3,500 players in its organisation.[8][9][10]
In 1889, Hammarby Roddförening ("Hammarby Rowing Association") was established inSödermalm, with engineerAxel Robert Schönthal, the first chairman, being credited as the founder.[12] By 1897, it had diversified into different sports, and was renamedHammarby Idrottsförening ("Hammarby Sports Club"), or Hammarby IF for short.[13][14]
In 1915, the sporting groundHammarby IP was built in Södermalm. Due to a lack of football pitches in Stockholm, several other clubs proposed to merge with Hammarby IF to get access to the stadium. An offer from Klara SK was accepted and Hammarby officially established a football department on 13 August 1915.[15][16] The club played its first competitive game two days later, and won 5–0 againstVästerås SK in the "Östsvenska serien", a local league, withRagnar Gunnarsson scoring the inaugural goal.[17] In 1916, Hammarby competed inSvenska Mästerskapet, a cup by then held to decide the Swedish Champions, for the first time.[18] In 1918, Hammarby also merged with Johanneshofs IF, a club from the neighbouring districtJohanneshov.[19]
In 1920, Hammarby first competed in theSvenska Serien, by then the highest league in Swedish football, with key players like goalkeeperVictor Olsson, defenderGösta Wihlborg and forwardGustav Björk.[20] During the upcoming years, Hammarby had a strong showing where they went to the finals of Svenska Mästerskapet in 1922, losing 1–3 toGAIS.[13][21]
Hammarby qualified to compete inAllsvenskan's inaugural season in 1924. On 3 August said year, Rikard Larsson became Hammarby's first goalscorer in Allsvenskan, and also the first goalscorer in the league's history, in a 1–5 loss againstÖrgryte IS.[22] The club would eventually finish last in the1924–25 Allsvenskan, and wererelegated toDivision 2, which was then the second highest league in Sweden.[13]
The Hammarby team of 1934.
During the upcoming years, Hammarby failed to produce any sort of challenge in Swedish football. Several star playersemigrated to the United States,[21] transferred to other clubs or opted to instead playice hockey forHammarby.[13] In1936–37 and1937–38, the club won the second division, but lost the playoff matches that would have promoted them to Allsvenskan.[23][24] Instead, Hammarby got promoted in1938–39, where they knocked outIFK Norrköping following outstanding performances from goalkeeper and star playerSven Bergqvist.[25]
Hammarby would, however, suffer from another relegation, finishing last in Allsvenskan in 1939–40. Back in Division 2, the club finished in the top four for the next six years. In the1946–47 season, the club finished at the foot of the table, and because of a restructuring of the league system, the club got relegated toDivision 4.
Hammarby did not return to the second highest league until the1950–51 season. In the1954–55 season, the club returned to Allsvenskan, but this time it finished sixth and managed to stay for another season. However, the club underwentyo-yoing, having been promoted and relegated between Allsvenskan and Division 2 seven times until 1970.Nacka Skoglund, one of the league's top players who played for Hammarby from 1944 to 1949, returned to Hammarby to play from 1964 to 1967.[26] In his return debut, he landed a corner kick into the goal minutes into the match;[26] in 1984, the club erected the Nackas Hörna (Nacka's corner) statue with his kick as the pose.
In the1970 Allsvenskan season, Hammarby had acquired only 3 points in the spring portion of the season, but during the autumn, showed a dramatic improvement. With star playersKenneth Ohlsson andRonnie Hellström, and with a crowd that tried out supporter songs for the first time, the club went through the autumn half undefeated and finished in fifth place, its best showing in Allsvenskan. The club would stay in Allsvenskan through the rest of the 1970s, attracting large crowds, despite not returning above fifth place. Also in 1978, the club changed from black/yellow to green/white colours.
In the1982 season, Swedish football introduced a playoff system for the top 8 teams in Allsvenskan to decide a champion. The playoffs consisted oftwo matches in which the aggregate score would determine who would advance. The club had placed second overall that season and had not lost a home game. After defeatingÖrgryte in the quarter-finals, and coming back from a 1–3 deficit to beatElfsborg 4–3 in the semi-finals, Hammarby was in the final againstIFK Göteborg. Hammarby won its away match 2–1, but lost 1–3 in its home match to a sold-out crowd.[note 2]
In thefollowing year, Hammarby finished fifth in the league, but lost to AIK in the play-offs. In theSvenska Cupen tournament, Hammarby reached the finals but lost against IFK. However, since IFK qualified for the UEFA Cup that year, Hammarby qualified for theUEFA Cup Winners' Cup, its first major international competition, where the club lost to Finland'sFC Haka in the second round. The Hammarby squads finished consistently in the top six in the league every year through 1987.[27]
In1988, Hammarby finished last in the standings and were relegated to the second tier.[27] Although the club placed first in1989,[28] it finished last in1990.[27]
1990s–2000s: Tough nineties, restructuring, champions
A chart showing the progress of Hammarby IF through theSwedish football league system. The different shades of grey represent the various league tiers.
Hammarby would stay in the second tier in 1991 and 1992, but in 1993, the team finished in first place and were promoted to Allsvenskan. In1995 Allsvenskan, the team finished last and were relegated, but returned to the1998 Allsvenskan with a third-place finish.[29]
Prior to the2001 Allsvenskan season, the club had financially tough times, leading experts to conclude that the team was weak, and one journalist predicted a last place finish.[citation needed] Halfway through the 2001 season, manager Sören Cratz was informed that his contract would not be extended because the club's board wanted Hammarby to play a positive, attacking and fun football, something the board did not think that Cratz did.[note 3] However, the club took the lead in the standings and in the second-to-last match, which was againstÖrgryte IS on 21 October, the club won 3–2 and secured its first ever Allsvenskan championship.
Hammarby stayed in Allsvenskan for the rest of the 2000s: In2003 Allsvenskan the club finished second, and participated in the second qualifying and first rounds of the2004–05 UEFA Cup. In2006 Allsvenskan, Hammarby placed third overall and advanced to theUEFA Intertoto Cup, where they won their third round match, which advanced the team to the second qualifying and first rounds of the2007–08 UEFA Cup.
In2007, Bajen finished on the sixth place, and didn't qualify for any European cups. In2008, Hammarby finished ninth, but2009 was a disastrous year where the team finished last in the league and was relegated to the second tier known asSuperettan.
The2010 Superettan was a letdown for supporters who had hoped to make the visit to Sweden's second tier short, as the team finished 8th. In the2010 Svenska Cupen, Hammarby fared better, winning against multiple Allsvenskan opponents, until the finals where the team lost 0–1 toHelsingborgs IF. In the2011 Superettan season, the club finished in a tie for 11th, its worst overall ranking in 64 years. The club was almost relegated to the third tier, until a game-winning kick in the season's final match against Ängelholm. After the season of 2011, Hammarby dismantled their development teamHTFF, which was established in 2003. In2012 Superettan, the club finished fourth, and in2013 Superettan the club finished fifth. In 2014, in the last round of the season, Hammarby were promoted to the first tier,Allsvenskan, by finishing first inSuperettan.
The 2015 season started off well, with Hammarby managing an impressive 1–2 away win against local rivalsAIK in the2015 Swedish Cup, which also was the first Stockholm derby involving Hammarby since 2009. This was followed up with a 2–0 win in the season opener againstBK Häcken, and in the fourth round Hammarby defeated their other local rivalsDjurgårdens IF with 2–1. The summer was, however, tougher for the club, with Hammarby playing 10 consecutive league games without winning, before managing to defeatFalkenbergs FF at home with 3–0. Eventually, Hammarby finished at 11th place in their first Allsvenskan season since 2009.
The 2016 and 2017 seasons showed only a slight improvement for Hammarby, with the team ending in the 11th and 9th position respectively. Hammarby fared better in the local derbys. In 2016 Hammarby defeated the local rivalDjurgården in all three fixtures. In 2017 the first encounter ended with a draw and the second with a Hammarby victory. The second local rival,AIK, managed to defeat Hammarby by 3–0 in the first encounter in the league and a draw (0–0) in the second. Hammarby however beat AIK in the Swedish cup, earlier in the year. In 2017 the Hammarby – AIK encounters ended with one Hammarby win and one draw. Both Djurgården and AIK, however, fared much better overall than Hammarby in the league.
The club fared much better in 2018 under the reign of new managerStefan Billborn, finishing 4th in the league. In 2019, Hammarby started the league play in a mediocre fashion, but made a strong finish to the season (with eight straight wins in the final eight games of the season) and ultimately finished 3rd in Allsvenskan. This meant that the club qualified for the2020–21 UEFA Europa League, their first continental competition in over ten years.[30]
Hammarby IF won the2020–21 Svenska Cupen, their first title in the main domestic cup, through a 5–4 win on penalties (0–0 after full-time) againstBK Häcken in the final.[31][32] On 11 June 2021, Hammarby decided to terminate manager Stefan Billborn's contract, with the club placed 8th in the 2021 Allsvenskan table after eight rounds.[33] On 13 June,Miloš Milojević, most recently an assistant atRed Star Belgrade, was appointed new head coach.[34] Under the leadership of Milojević, Hammarby nearly reached the group stages of the first edition of theUEFA Conference League, only being defeated on penalties byFC Basel in the playoff. Nevertheless, Milojević was fired following the conclusion of the2021 Allsvenskan, andMartí Cifuentes was hired as head coach in January 2022.[35]
Cifuentes led the club to a 3rd-place finish in the2022 Allsvenskan. On 30 October 2023, with two fixtures left of the2023 season, he left the club forQueens Park Rangers.[36] Hammarby ended the season in 7th place.[37]
When Hammarby Roddförening (Hammarby RF) was founded in 1889, the club's crest consisted of a white flag with three green horizontal lines. It drew inspiration from two other competing rowing clubs in Stockholm that used two blue and two red lines respectively on a white flag, but chose the colour green to represent "hope". Hammarby eventually added a third stripe when it discovered that Göteborgs RF used a similar green-white flag with two stripes.[38]
Hammarby midfielderNahir Besara wearing the 2013 home kit.
When Hammarby IF founded its football club in 1915, it determined the kit to be the following: a white hat with a five-pointed green star, a white shirt with "HIF" on its chest, white shorts and black socks.[12] Following the merger with Johanneshovs IF in 1918, the club changed its football team apparel to Johanneshov's black-and-yellow striped shirts, blue shorts and black socks with yellow stripes.[19] The first department to use the new kit wasHammarby Bandy, with the football department adopting it soon thereafter.[39]
In the 1960s, the club changed from blue shorts to black. When"Nacka" Skoglund rejoined the club in 1964, he donated the club a set of black shorts because he thought the team's blue shorts looked awful.[39]
In 1978, 60 years after the merger with Johanneshov, Hammarby changed its home colours from black and yellow to white shirts, green shorts and white socks. In 1997, the striped shirts returned, but with green and white colours, with green shorts and white socks. The yellow and black colours were retained for the away and third kits. Since 1997, only a few exceptions have been made to the green-and-white-striped home and the black-and-yellow-striped away shirts: In 2002 and 2014–2016, the team wore all-white jerseys, and in 2011 the team wore an all-grey away kit.
Craft is Hammarby's kit manufacturer.[40] Also visible on the club's kit are the logos of the following sponsors: workwear clothing company Projob; automakerVolkswagen; sporting-goods retailerIntersport; solar cell supplier Sesol; Köket & Gården, a vegetable-and-fruit delivery company; BST, a transportation company; pawnbroker Digipant; Clinton, a construction-measurement company; and league sponsorsUnibet, a gambling company (whose logo is on the right sleeve of the shirts of all Allsvenskan teams).[41]
Hammarby IF was reorganised as an umbrella organisation in 1999, with each of the individual sports departments breaking off to form independent clubs; the football club was then named Hammarby IF Fotbollförening (Hammarby IF FF).[42]
In 2001, the football club split the A team, B team and youth team into separate legal entities. A limited company called Hammarby Fotboll AB was founded, in which the parent football club owns a majority stake. In Sweden, all sport teams in the league systems are regulated to be non-profit associations, which means that a majority of the voting rights, according to the"51 percent-rule", is controlled by the members of the club.[43]
On 27 November 2019, it was announced thatZlatan Ibrahimović, widely regarded to be the greatest Swedish football player of all time, had acquired 23.5 percent of the outstanding shares in Hammarby, which meant that AEG reduced their stake by half.[2]
Hammarby supporters during a home game againstIFK Värnamo in 2013.
The club's nickname is "Bajen" (Swedish pronunciation:[ˈbǎjɛn]). A fan of Hammarby is referred to as abajare or ahammarbyare.
Hammarby has historically been regarded as a club with a mainly working-class fan base, due to its connection with the formerly working-class (but todaygentrified)Södermalm district ofStockholm. Nowadays the club attracts fans from all parts of society.[55][56] According to a 2016 poll, a large part of the club's fan base tends to supportleft-wing politics compared to those of their local rivalsAIK andDjurgården.[57]
Hammarby has strong ties toSöderort, the southern part ofStockholm urban area.[55] A 2012 poll showed that Hammarby was the most popular club in Söderort; 40 percent of the area's residents who had a favourite club chose Hammarby.[58]
Hammarby's training ground, Årsta Idrottsplats, is located in the district ofJohanneshov, while some of the older youth teams still play atHammarby IP in Södermalm.
Since 2014, Hammarby has had the highest average attendance in Scandinavia, except for in 2020 and 2021 when matches were partly played behind closed doors due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[5][59][60][61][62][63]
The club's average attendance for the 2015 season was 25,507, a new record high for Swedish top-division football. The former record was set back in 1959, whenÖrgryte IS had an average home attendance of 25,490.[64] In 2022, Hammarby broke a new Allsvenskan record, drawing an average attendance of 26,372.[65][66]
Writer and illustrator Stig "Slas" Claesson (1928–2008), a prominent supporter of Hammarby.
Hammarby has had a slew of celebrity fans throughout the years, mostly cultural professionals living in Södermalm. In 1942, the popular recording artistAlice Babs released a version of the songVårat gäng ("Our Gang") with new, Hammarby-related lyrics.[67] Critically acclaimed authorPer Anders Fogelström, who rose to fame with his 1960 novelMina drömmars stad ("City of My Dreams"), with a narrative that follows a group of working-class people in Södermalm between 1860 and 1880, was also a supporter of Hammarby.[68] In 1962, writer and illustratorStig "Slas" Claesson penned a short story,Supportern ("The Supporter"), about his love for the club.[69]
A terrace choreography from Hammarby supporters during a game againstÖrebro SK in 2016.
The club's unofficial hymn is "Just idag är jag stark". Released in 1979, it was performed and co-written byKenta Gustafsson, who was a notable Hammarby fan. The recording has been the team'sentrance music since 2004.[71]
Hammarby has severalsupporter clubs, the largest of which, Bajen Fans, had over 6,000 members in 2012 and is one of the largest in Scandinavia.[72] Hammarby also has a number ofultras such as Hammarby Ultras, Ultra Boys, Söder Bröder, and E1 Ultras – who together organize the club'sterrace choreography. Hammarby Ultras won "tifo of the year" in both 2000 and 2005, an award handed out by theSwedish Football Association.[73]
The club is known for its vociferous fans. Drawing inspiration fromEngland, Hammarby fans introducedfootball chants to the Swedish terraces in 1970.[6][7] In the 1982 finals againstIFK Göteborg, Hammarby supporters attracted much attention for bringing a livesamba band to the stands to accompany their chants, inspired by supporters in South America.[74] In 2008, sports broadcasterSetanta Sports listedSöderstadion, Hammarby's home ground at the time, as the 11th noisiest stadium in the world.[75]
Before the first league home game of the season, Hammarby fans gather atMedborgarplatsen in Södermalm. They then march together alongGötgatan and cross theSkanstullsbron bridge before arriving at the stadium in Johanneshov. This tradition has taken place since 1998 and annually attracts between 15,000 and 20,000 supporters.[55][76]
Hammarby supporters during the annual opening day march to the stadium.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Kenneth Ohlsson is the player with the most appearances for Hammarby with 396 matches.Sven Bergqvist earned 35 caps for the Swedish national team between 1935 and 1943.
Hammarby IF DFF are the women's football club affiliated to Hammarby Fotboll. Hammarby Damfotbollförening was first founded in 1970 as a section underHammarby IF. In 1999 the association was reorganized and all the underlying sections got separated into an umbrella organization.[42] Before the start of the 2017 season, Hammarby IF DFF was merged with Hammarby Fotboll.[88][89]
Hammarby won the top tierDamallsvenskan in 1985 and twonational cups in 1994 and 1995.[90] In 1994 it was also the championship's runner-up. Previously, the team had been the cup's runner-up in its first three editions (1981–83).[91] The home ground of the women's team isHammarby IP, although occasionally they have played competitive games atZinkensdamms IP andTele2 Arena.[92]
In May 2016, Hammarby announced that they would establish a men's seniorfutsal team. Playing their home games in Eriksdalshallen, Hammarby competed in the Swedish second tier, Division 1 Södra Svealand, during their inaugural season.[93] In 2017, Hammarby won promotion to theSwedish Futsal League, the premier championship.[94]
^Current youth players who at least have sat on the bench in a competitive match.
^The title of "Swedish Champions" has been awarded to the winner of four different competitions over the years. Between 1896 and 1925, the title was awarded to the winner ofSvenska Mästerskapet, a stand-alone cup tournament. No club were given the title between 1926 and 1930 even though the first-tier leagueAllsvenskan was played. In 1931, the title was reinstated and awarded to the winner of Allsvenskan. Between 1982 and 1990, aplay-off in cup format was held at the end of the league season to decide the champions. After the play-off format in 1991 and 1992, the title was decided by the winner ofMästerskapsserien, an additional league after the end of Allsvenskan. Since the 1993 season, the title has once again been awarded to the winner of Allsvenskan.[86]
^"Bajen" is a short form of a mock-English pronunciation of "Hammarby".
^In 1982,IFK Göteborg, who won theAllsvenskan championship, would later go on to win the UEFA Cup, as the first, and so far only, Swedish team to do so.
^Cratz would later be cheered upon and praised by Hammarby fans in 2002 when he managed Swedish competing teamHelsingborgs IF in a match against Hammarby.