Hamm (German pronunciation:[ham]ⓘ,Latin:Hammona) is acity inNorth Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northeastern part of theRuhr area. As of 2016 its population was 179,397. The city is situated between theA1 motorway andA2 motorway.Hamm railway station is an important hub for rail transport and renowned for its distinctive station building.
The coat of arms has been in use in its present form for about 750 years. It shows the markish chessboard ("märkischen Schachbalken") in red and silver on a golden field. Originally it was the founders' coat of arms, i. e. the Counts of Mark. The chessboard and the colours are often displayed in the coats of arms of further towns founded by that family line. Similarly, the colours of the city are red and white.
The nameHam means "corner" in the oldLow German dialect spoken at that time. In the old times the namethom Hamme would be used, which evolved slowly into its modern formHamm. The name derives from the description of the Hamm's location in the corner of the Lippe river and the narrow Ahse affluent, where it was founded on Ash Wednesday in March 1226 by Count Adolf I of theMark.
Pauluskirche former St.Georg, main church of Hamm"Gründungsprivileg" Town rights of HammHamm railway station hall
1350 TheBlack death killed nearly all of the citizens. Only seven families survived.
1469 Hamm became a member of theHanseatic League. It was one of the most powerful towns in the region, while the large cities of the today's Ruhr area still were only tiny villages.
1614 The Treaty of Xanten ends the conflict about the heritage of Cleve-Mark, theElectorate Brandenburg (laterPrussia) inherited the Ducal Cleve and the counties Ravensburg and Mark (with Hamm)
1618-1648Thirty Years' War, Hamm was taken several times by different armed forces and had to endure changing garrisons. Almost all buildings were destroyed, except for the main church St. Georg (today: Pauluskirche) and St. Agnes church.
1657 Establishment of the Gymnasium illustre (later named Gymnasium Hammonense) with three faculties (theology,jurisprudence and philosophy).
1753 Establishment of the regional court (Landgericht)
1767 "Märkische Kammerdeputation" established
1769 Brewery Isenbeck founded
1787 Changing of the "Märkische Kammerdeputation" into the "Märkische Kriegs- und Domänenkammer" by the Prussian "Generaldirektorium".
1818 Hamm has 4,688 inhabitants.
1820 The regional appeal court moves from Cleve to Hamm.
1847 First train stops at the main station Hamm
1853 Westfälische Union (later Thyssen Draht AG) was founded
1856 Westfälische Draht Industrie was founded (later Klöckner Draht GmbH, today Westfälische Draht Industrie (WDI))
1901 30,000 inhabitants, the district Hamm is split up into the urban district of Hamm (City) and the district of Unna.
1901 Coal-mine de Wendel in Herringen starts mining (later Heinrich-Robert, now Bergwerk Ost) (first coal output 1904)
1902 Coal-mine Maximilian in Werries/Ostwennemar starts mining (first coal output 1907)
1984 FirstLandesgartenschau (horticultural show of the federal state) of North Rhine-Westphalia is held in Hamm. The old area of the coal-mine Maximillian was used for this purpose. The world largest glass elephant (Glaselefant) is built as the main attraction and until today is one of the major landmarks of the city.
1990 Coal-mine Radbod closes.
2002 Consecration of the Sri Kamadchi Ampal-Temple
2005 Establishment of the university of applied sciences "SRH Fachhochschule Hamm"
Until 1833 any population is an approximation, in later times the population was counted or updated by the local government or other institutions of the government.
The current Lord Mayor (Oberbürgermeister) of Hamm is Marc Herter of theSocial Democratic Party (SPD) since 2020. The Mayor is directly elected for a five-year term. Prior to the 1999 local administration reform in North Rhine-Westphalia, theOberstadtdirektor was the chief executive of the city, and was chosen by the city council.
The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:
The Hamm city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:
In 1939, 1968 and 1975 Hamm incorporated several towns and municipalities: in 1939 the village Mark (which the Counts and the county took the name of) and in 1968 the villages of Berge and Westtünnen. In the reorganisation of 1975, the following towns and municipalities were incorporated into the City of Hamm:[citation needed]
The town ofBockum-Hövel, Lüdinghausen district
The town ofHeessen, Beckum district
The municipality ofUentrop, Unna district, formed in 1968, including the municipalities of Braam-Ostwennemar, Frielinghausen, Haaren, Norddinker, Schmehausen, Uentrop, Vöckinghausen and Werries
The municipality ofRhynern, (Unna district, without Hilbeck incorporated by Werl), formed in 1968, including the municipalities of Allen, Freiske, Hilbeck, Osterflierich, Osttünnen, Rhynern, Süddinker and Wambeln
The municipality ofPelkum, (Unna district), formed in 1968, including the municipalities of Herringen, Lerche, Pelkum, Sandbochum, Weetfeld and parts of Wiescherhöfen.
The number of citizens more than doubles from 83.000 in 1974 to 173.000 in 1975.
Hamm has seven quarters (Stadtbezirk), each divided into residential areas like City, which actually means the center of the city around the Pauluschurch or like Hövel-Radbod near the former entrance to the coalmine Radbod in the quarter Bockum-Hövel. The following table shows the situation in 2006. Every quarter is named with the prefix Hamm, like Hamm-Bockum-Hövel or Hamm-Mitte.
The former town Bockum-Hövel today forms the quarter with the largest number of inhabitants, closely followed by the centre of the cityHamm-Mitte. The latter is the smallest quarter by metric size.
In 2006 Hamm was the first city to accomplish a "Ratsbürgerentscheid" (literally: "council's citizens decision"). Subject of the plebiscite was a plan to build a 43 ha city lake (2007–2010) near the city centre. 136,521 citizens were entitled to vote, 57,563 used that possibility and 56.9% refused their approbation for the project. As minimal vote 20% (of the total 136,521 voters) had to decide between one of the possibilities (20% for Yes or 20% for NO). The city council accepted the voting and stopped the plans.This procedure is planned for future projects in NRW.Also in Hamm established was the "Baugerichtstag e. V." a society organizing a congress about the German building law. The congress is held in a two years term.
The largest health facility is the Marien Hospital with its two separate buildings, Marien Hospital I the old building within the centre of the city and Marien Hospital II together 587 beds. Then there is the (EVK Hamm) Evangelisches Krankenhaus Hamm (Protestant Hospital) combined with the children's hospital south of the centre together 493 beds, the St. Barbara Klinik (Clinic) in Heessen with 422 beds and the Malteser Krankenhaus (Hospital) St. Josef in Bockum-Hövel with 260 beds. Additional there are the Klinik für manuelle Therapie (Clinic for manual therapy) within the quarterBad Hamm [de] (138 beds), thespa district. The Westfälisches Institut Hamm für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und psychotherapie (Westphalian Institute Hamm for Children's- and Youth psychiatry and psychotherapy) as an Institute of the federal state (158 beds) and the private Klinik (clinic) am Bärenbrunnen. (All Hospitals together have 2058 beds.)Former Hospitals are:
The BWKBundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamm (Hospital of the Federal Defence Forces) closed in 2007 after a reform of the German forces
Knappschaftskrankenhaus (Hospital operated by the health fund for miners (Bundesknappschaft) now Marien Hospital II)
Märkische Kinderklinik (Children's Hospital combined with the Elisabeth Kinderklinik and now part of the EVK Hamm as "Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin")
St. Elisabeth Kinderklinik (Children's Hospital combined with the Märkische Kinderklinik and now part of the EVK Hamm as "Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin")
Hamm has sixGymnasien (grammar schools), two comprehensive schools and severalRealschulen,Hauptschulen and Grundschulen (elementary schools). The oldest Gymnasium in Hamm is the Gymnasium Hammonense which was established as academic school (small university) with three faculties in 1657. The school declined in its importance and in 1781 merged with the local Latin school and got reformed by Prussia. The new combined school was humanist Gymnasium. In 1867 the "Märkisches Gymnasium" followed as the second Gymnasium of Hamm, in 1902 the "Freiherr vom Stein Gymnasium", in 1924 the "Beisenkamp Gymnasium" – first as "Oberlyceum" (Gymnasium for girls) – and in 1968 the "Galilei-Gymnasium" was established as an offspring of the Gymnasium Hammonense. Additionally in Schloss Heessen there is a private school including the Gymnasium. Both comprehensive schools in Hamm are younger foundations by the city during school reforms of NRW.Hamm is also well known for its many vocational schools:
"Eduard Spranger Berufskolleg für Technik" a vocational school for mostly industrial jobs
"Elisabeth Lüders Berufskolleg für Sozialwesen, Gesundheit, Hauswirtschaft und Kinderpflege" a vocational school for social welfare, health, home economics and child care, and several other schools.
"Friederich List Berufskolleg für Wirtschaft" a trade and economical school
In 2005 a small private university of applied sciences was established, the "SRH Fachhoschule Hamm".The private university of applied sciences started with two study programs ending with degrees of Bachelor and Master of Science forlogistic engineering.The "Klinik für Psychatrie und Psychotherapie of the Marienhospital" cooperates withWitten/Herdecke University in education and science.During the summer 2009 another university of applied sciences was founded by the federal state NRW, namedHamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences. The university is divided in two departments, each with its own small Campus area, one in Hamm and another inLippstadt.
Major industrial branches are thecoal-mining industry,steel industry,chemical industry and the car component supplier industry.In the last century there were four coal-mines within the urban district. Today the Bergwerk Ost in Herringen is the last operating coal mine with about 3,000 employees.Mannesmann Hoesch Präzisrohr, Westfälische Draht Industrie (WDI) and Böhler Thyssen Welding are the major representatives of the steel industry, the chemical industry is represented byDuPont in Uentrop and the car supplier industry by Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. factory 4 in Bockum-Hövel with about 1000 employees.Theenergy industry is represented by aRWE coal power plant and a further power plant (Trianel) in Uentrop. A new coal power plant is currently under construction. TheTHTR-300, also in Uentrop-Schmehhausen, was decommissioned in 1989.Alongside the A2, in the southern part of the urban district, a new business park inhabits the growing logistics business.Hamm is also known as "City of Law" (Stadt des Rechts) because of the greatest German regional appeal court (Oberlandesgericht), the local court (Amtsgericht), the industrial court (Arbeitgericht) and the industrial appeal court (Landesarbeitsgericht). The Chamber of Notaries and bar association of the regional appeal court Hamm and the courts are of greater influence on the appearance of the city.Several hospitals in the urban district are also important employers, for example the EVK Hamm has about 1000 employees.
The only daily newspaper of Hamm printed there, is theWestfälischer Anzeiger. At first, a weekly newspaper in Hamm was theKreis Hammsches Wochenblatt founded by Heinich Jakob Grote in 1822. Its name was changed in 1848 toWestfälischer Anzeiger. A second newspaper appeared, founded by the Thiemann family, theWestfälische Kurier. Both co-existed until the end of the Second World War. After the War both newspapers were combined and namedWestfälischer Anzeiger und Kurier. In the 1960s another name-change made theWestfälischer Anzeiger. This newspaper is the mantle of several smaller regional newspapers; together, they had a total 153,428 copies in 2004. In the 1970s theWestdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung unsuccessfully tried to establish its own daily newspaper.
Two weekly newspapers appear in Hamm: theStadtanzeiger from theWestfälischer Anzeiger with a total of 384.000 copies, and theSonntags-Rundblick by a medium-sized local company.
Since 1990 the local radio station "Radio Lippewelle Hamm" is on air and number one radio station of the local radios in NRW.On 3 October 1993 the "Offener Kanal Hamm" started broadcasting; it is a small TV project by people for the people, started through the federal state.
TheWaldbühne Hamm-Heessen is one of the most active open-air theatres in Germany. TheAlfred Fischer Hall is a multi-purpose event location in Heessen in a former machinery hall built byAlfred Fischer in 1912. TheStädtische Musikschule Hamm is one of the oldest music schools in Germany. Hamm also has several active choirs and a jazz club and has been the home of many bands.
Hamm is linked to three motorways: theBundesautobahn 1 (BAB 1 or A1, Puttgarden-Saarbrücken) named Hansaline with two connections (81 and 82), the (BAB 2 or A2, Oberhausen-Berlin) with three connections (17, 18 and 19) and theA445 (Hamm-Arnsberg) which is connected by the B63 until the planned construction between Hamm andWerl is completed. TheKamener Kreuz is situated in the southwest of Hamm. Two federal routes (Bundesstrassen) theB61 andB63 intersect in the city centre. Several state roads (Landesstrassen) connect Hamm with its neighbouring towns and municipalities.
Hamm has three stations, the main railway stationHamm (Westfalen) and two minor stations, one in Bockum-Hövel and the other one in Heessen. The main station is one of the biggest railway hubs in Germany, and connected with one of the largestmarshalling yards in Europe, the latter now only partly operating. Notable is the railway station for itsArt DecoGründerzeit inspired building styles. Hamm has been connected to the rail since 2 May 1847. Its hugerailroad yard—Europe's biggest at the time[4]—was bombed repeatedly duringWorld War II,[5][6] as was the city itself (in December 1944 it was hit by eleven raids on one day).[4]
Thecity bus network in Hamm is served by the Stadtwerke Hamm, with 65 buses, and the Verkehrsgesellschaft Breitenbach. A regional bus service is served by different companies and both nets serve the central bus station, which is situated in front of the main railway station in the centre of Hamm. Hamm is part of the Verkehrsgemeinschaft Ruhr-Lippe. About 12 million people use the bus network every year, transported on 50 bus lines with 500 bus stops within the city.
Hamm is the end of theDatteln-Hamm-Kanal; three ports are situated in the urban district:the city port, the canal end port of Uentrop, and the port of Gersteinwerk. The ports of Hamm are the second biggest canal port by freight transact, 1.4 million tons a year by ships and 0.5 million tons by train. The city port allows for ships up to 110 metres length 11.45 meters width and 2.7 metres draft. It is linked with the railway by a track to the near main railway station and the marshaling yard.
Near the city centre, in the meadows by the River Lippe, the Hamm sport airfield is situated. Its runway is 900 m long and 30 m wide. Theairfield is operated by the Luftsportclub Hamm e.V.Hamm is situated in the middle of a triangle of three smaller international airports, in the north theMünster Osnabrück Airport (FMO), in the south-westDortmund Airport and in the eastPaderborn Lippstadt Airport.The nearest largeinternational airport isDüsseldorf Airport.
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