Hamilton is thecapital city of theBritish Overseas Territory ofBermuda, and the main settlement ofPembroke Parish. A port city, Hamilton is Bermuda's financial and commercial centre, and a populartourist destination. Its population of 854 (2016)[2] and its small land area make it one of the smallest capital cities in the world.
The history of Hamilton as a British city began in 1790 when the government of Bermuda set aside 145 acres (59 ha) for its future seat, officially incorporated in 1793 by an Act of Parliament, and named forGovernorHenry Hamilton. The colony's capital relocated to Hamilton fromSt George's in 1815. The city has been at the political and military heart of Bermuda ever since. Government buildings include the parliament building, the Government House to the north, the former Admiralty House of theRoyal Navy to the west (both in Pembroke), and theBritish Armygarrison headquarters atProspect Camp to its east. The Town of Hamilton became a city in 1897, ahead of the consecration in 1911 of theCathedral of the Most Holy Trinity (Church of England), which was under construction at the time. A Catholic cathedral,St. Theresa's, was later constructed.
In 1940, the Royal Navy commissioned a former US Navy destroyer asHMSHamilton. The 2 November 1940, issue ofThe Royal Gazette, a newspaper published in the City of Hamilton, reported this in an article titled"NEW" DESTROYER HAS NAME OF HAMILTON: Mayor Here Receives Letter From Her Commander,[3] and began:
News has been received here of the destroyer Hamilton, one of the 50 destroyers recently acquired by Great Britain from the United States and named in honour of Bermuda's capital. Commander L. M. Shadwell, R.N., who commands the Hamilton, has written to the Mayor of Hamilton, Mr. S. P. Eve, a letter in which he says, "I thought it possible that you might be interested to have news from time to time of the ship which has the honour to bear the name of your city."
The article went on to mention that the Mayor was to open a fund to supply the crew of the ship with newspapers and included the text of Shadwell's letter.
In February 17, 1975, Queen Elizabeth II made an visit on city hall along with Prince Philip, in the course of world tour on the construction of the structure.[4]
Today, the city overlooking Hamilton Harbour is primarily a business district, with few structures other than office buildings and shops. The City of Hamilton has long maintained a building height and view limit, which states that no buildings may obscure the cathedral. In the 21st century, buildings have been planned and some are under construction that are as high as ten storeys in the area. Bermuda's local newspaper,The Royal Gazette, reports, "If you don't recognise the city, from 15 years ago, we don't blame you as it has changed so much".[citation needed]
Hamilton is located on the north side ofHamilton Harbour, and is Bermuda's main port. Although there is a parish of thesame name, the city of Hamilton is in the parish ofPembroke. The city is named afterSir Henry Hamilton, governor of the territory from 1786 to 1793. Hamilton Parish antedates the city.
The administrative capital of Bermuda, Hamilton, has a limited permanent population around 854 (2016); however in 2010, 13,340 (40% of Bermuda's working population) worked here on a daily basis. The only incorporated city in Bermuda, Hamilton is smaller than the historic town ofSt. George's. A more representative measure of Bermuda's local residential populations tends to be by parish.
As the offshore domicile of many foreign companies, Bermuda has a highly developed international business economy; it is an exporter of financial services, primarily insurance, reinsurance, investment funds, andspecial-purpose vehicles. Finance and international business constitute the largest sector of Bermuda's economy, and virtually all of this business takes place within the borders of Hamilton.
Numerous leading international insurance companies are based in Hamilton, as it is a global reinsurance centre[clarification needed]. Around 400 internationally owned and operated businesses are physically based in Bermuda, and many are represented by the Association of Bermuda International Companies. In total, over 1,500 exempted or international companies are registered with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda.
The city is the registered headquarters of the spirits manufacturerBacardi, outsourcing companyGenpact, and reinsurance companyTokio Millennium Re Ltd.[5] Hamilton is known as the headquarters of international shipping companies, such asFrontline Ltd.Its low corporate tax rate makes it attractive to US companies.[6]
In addition, the corporate headquarters of the Bermuda grocery store chainThe MarketPlace is located within the chain's Hamilton MarketPlace location,[7][8] the largest grocery store in Bermuda.[9]
According toNumbeo, Hamilton, Bermuda holds the record for the highest cost of living index in the world with the cost of living rate in Hamilton being at 138.01 as of 2023.[10]
Coat of arms of the city of HamiltonFlag of the city of Hamilton
The coat of arms of the city of Hamilton incorporate a shield featuring a golden sailing ship, representing theResolution, surrounded by threecinquefoils, two above the ship and one below, also in gold, all on a plain blue background. This shield is supported by a mermaid and heraldic sea horse (i.e., demi-horse, demi-fish), and is placed on a mount in front of which is a scroll containing the motto "Sparsa Collegit". The shield is topped by a crest featuring a closed helm topped with a torque above which an heraldic seahorse is emerging from the sea holding a flower.[11] The city's full motto isHamilton sparsa collegit, ("Hamilton has assembled the scattered").[12]
The city's flag is abanner of arms, featuring the same details as on the shield of the city's coat of arms, but with the flowers in white rather than gold.[11]
The city of Hamilton has many parks for its size. One of the best known parks in the city is Victoria Park. This park occupies a whole block and was named afterQueen Victoria. Other parks in the city are Par La Ville Park, Barr's Park, Albuoy's Point Park, and the hidden Cedar Park.
Panorama of Hamilton, 1911. View from Fort Hamilton.
Although located some distance north of the geographic tropics, Hamilton has a warm trade-windtropical rainforest climate (Af) bordering onhumid subtropical climate (Cfa). It is warm enough for coconut palms and other tropical palms to grow, although they may not fruit properly due to the lack of heat or sunshine during the winter months because of latitude. Hamilton has uncharacteristically warm temperatures for its latitude32nd parallel north because of the moderating influence of the North Atlantic and nearbyGulf Stream. Hamilton features warm and humid summers and semi-warm "winters". As temperatures are moderated by the Atlantic Ocean, it rarely gets very hot or cold in the city. Precipitation is plentiful throughout the year and Hamilton does not have adry season month, a month where on average less than 60 mm (2.36 in) of precipitation falls. Summer precipitation is usually from showers, thunderstorms, and tropical disturbances or eventropical cyclones. Meanwhile, winter precipitation is typically derived from westerly moving extra-tropical cyclones and their associated fronts. Erratic, extended dry spells occasionally develop because of variations in the semi-permanent sub-tropical ridge locally known as theBermuda-Azores High.
Hamilton has a host of beaches, which provide many opportunities for water sports, including surfing, wind surfing, water skiing, jet skiing, sailing and diving.
The highlight of the sports calendar is the Bermuda Gold Cup (or Argo Group Gold Cup as it is known),[20] a sailing event which is a key stage of theWorld Match Racing Tour, one of only three sailing championships to be sanctioned by the International Sailing Federation (ISAF)[21] with 'Special Event' status. The Argo Cup brings the world's best match-racing sailors (including world champions and Olympic sailors) to Bermuda for five days of one-on-one 'match racing'. Points accrued during the event contribute to the World Match Racing Tour and ultimately a chance to race in the final event, theMonsoon Cup in Malaysia. The winner of that is crowned ISAF World Match Racing Champion. Unlike many water-based sports, which occur too far out to view from shore, 'match racing' is a great spectator sport. The race takes place only 15m from the shore, and spectators can see the heart of the action.
The history of the modern Bermuda Gold Cup event dates back to the very beginning of the match racing style of sailing. The first 'match race' in a one-design racing yacht, i.e. technically identical boats, was theKing Edward VII Gold Cup[22] in Bermuda (now known as the Argo Gold Cup) that was first sailed in 1937. The Argo Gold Cup is still a key event in the World Match Racing Tour calendar.
The King Edward VII Cup itself was originally given at the Tri-Centenary Regatta atJamestown, Virginia, in 1907, byKing Edward VII in commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of the first permanent settlement in America. C. Sherman Hoyt won that regatta, and was the first sailor to accept the historic trophy.
Hoyt held the Gold Cup for three decades before donating it to theRoyal Bermuda Yacht Club and proposing an annual one-on-one match-race series in 6-Meter yachts. In his letter he expressed the propriety of "my returning a British Royal trophy to the custody of your club, with its long record of clean sportsmanship and keenly contested races between your Bermuda yachts and ours of Long Island Sound, and elsewhere..."[23] The first winner of the Cup in its new format wasBriggs Cunningham in 1937. He was also the first skipper to win theAmerica's Cup in a12-Meter racing yacht.
Jacques Loeb (1859–1924), physiologist, died in Hamilton
Squadron Leader Arthur Rowe Spurling (1896 in Hamilton – 1984 in Guernsey) was a Bermudian who served during the First World War as an infantryman and an aviator, becoming anace. He was a ferry pilot during the Second World War.
Rev. Canon Guy Pentreath MA Cantab. (1902 in Hamilton −1985 in Ashford, Kent) was an Anglican clergyman and headmaster. In his retirement, he was a chaplain and guest lecturer on many Swan Hellenic cruises.
Sir Gilbert Alexander "Gibby" Cooper, CBE, ED (1903 – 29 May 1989) was a businessman and politician in Bermuda, serving as a member of the House of Assembly and as Mayor of Hamilton.
Edwin Bennett Astwood (1909–1976) physiologist and endocrinologist whose work led to treatments for hyperthyroidism
Russell Dismont (1913–2005) educator, tennis player and campaigner against racial discrimination.
Graham Gibbons CBE (1920–2016) was a Bermudian businessman and politician who served as the mayor of Hamilton from 1972 to 1988.
Fernance B. Perry MBE (1922 in Ponta Delgada, Azores – 2014 in Atlanta, Georgia) was a Portuguese-Bermudian entrepreneur who had a prominent role in the economy of Bermuda.
Johnny Barnes (born 1923 in Hamilton – 2016) was a Bermudian native[25] who waved to passing traffic at the foot of the Lane roundabout in Hamilton from roughly 3:45 am to 10 am, every workday, rain or shine.
Earle E. Seaton (1924 – 1993 in USA) was a jurist and a diplomat.
Arthur Motyer (1925 in Hamilton – 2011 in Canada) was a Canadian educator, playwright, and novelist.
DameLois Browne-Evans DBE JP (1927 in Pembroke – 2007) was a lawyer and political figure in Bermuda. She was Bermuda's first femaleAttorney-General
Nora Sayre (1932 in Hamilton – 2001 in the USA) was an American film critic and essayist.
William Eldon Tucker (1872 in Hamilton – 1953 in Paget) was a Bermudian rugby union player who played club rugby in England. He was selected for England in 1894. He returned to Bermuda after qualifying as a medical doctor.
Bill Tucker CVO MBE TD (1903 in Hamilton – 1991) was a Bermudian rugby union player who played club rugby in England. He was selected for England in 1926. Tucker was a notable orthopaedic surgeon, specialising in sports injuries.
Dean Minors (born 1970 in Hamilton) is a Bermudian cricketer, who played as wicketkeeper.
David Hemp (born 1970 in Hamilton) is a Bermudian cricketer – a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler.
LeonardShaun Goater MBE (born 1970 in Hamilton) is a Bermudian former footballer. He played as a striker for a number of English clubs and is manager ofIlkeston F.C.
Dwayne Leverock (born 1971 in Hamilton) is a former Bermudian cricketer. He is a policeman and also drives a prison van and played football with Bermudian team Zebras. He also plays golf.
Tim Hemp (born 1974 in Hamilton) is a former cricketer – a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler.
Chris Foggo (born 1982 in Hamilton) is a Bermudian cricketer – a right-handed batsman.
Caroline Nichols (born 1984 in Hamilton) is an American field hockey player. She was a member of the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team for Women's Field Hockey and the 2012 US Olympic team.
^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 2006 to 2023.
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