| Hamengkubuwono X ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦮꦟ꧇꧑꧐꧇ | |||||
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| SriSultan | |||||
 Formal portrait, 1989 | |||||
| 3rdGovernor of Yogyakarta | |||||
| Assumed office 3 October 1998 | |||||
| Vice Governor |
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| Preceded by | Paku Alam VIII Soebekti Soenarto (acting) | ||||
| 10thSultan of Yogyakarta | |||||
| Reign | 7 March 1989 – present | ||||
| Predecessor | Hamengkubuwono IX | ||||
| Heiress presumptive | Princess Mangkubumi | ||||
| Born | Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito (1946-04-02)2 April 1946 (age 79) Yogyakarta, Indonesia | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue |
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| House | Hamengkubuwono | ||||
| Father | Hamengkubuwono IX | ||||
| Mother | Windyaningrum | ||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
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SriSultanHamengkubuwono X (Javanese:ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦮꦟ꧇꧑꧐꧇, also spelled asHamengkubuwana X, often abbreviated asHB X; bornBendara Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito, 2 April 1946) is theSultan of the historicYogyakarta Sultanate inIndonesia and is currently also theGovernor of the modernSpecial Region of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta).[1]
Hamengkubuwono X succeeded his father,Hamengkubuwono IX, as the Sultan of Yogyakarta when Hamengkubuwono IX died on 3 October 1988. Hamengkubuwono X was formally installed as Sultan on 7 March 1989. However, the position of the Governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region did not go to Hamengkubuwono X. Vice GovernorSri Paku Alam VIII, prince of the subordinate enclave ofPaku Alaman within Yogyakarta, was instead controversially elevated to the position of governor. This was contrary to the agreement made at the time of Indonesia's independence in recognition of Hamengkubuwono IX's support and role in theIndonesian War of Independence. Under the agreement, the Sultan holds the position of governor in the Yogyakarta Special Region, and the Paku Alam holds the position of vice governor.
On 30 August 2012, following a decade of talks between Yogyakarta and thecentral government, thenational legislature of Indonesia formally enshrined in law the convention that the Sultan inherited the position of governor.[2]
Hamengkubuwono X was a graduate of Public Administration at theFaculty of Law ofGadjah Mada University inYogyakarta.[1] He was active as Chairman of theIndonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Special Region of Yogyakarta,[1] Chairman of the Sports Committee of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, chairman and managing director of PT Punokawan Construction,[1] and President of the PG Madukismo Commissioner. In July 1996, he was appointed Chairman of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Expert Council to the Governor.
Hamengkubuwono X followed the tradition of his late father, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, in the spirit of Indonesian nationalism over self-interest. He participated in street protests in support of theMay 1998 student demonstrations opposingSuharto's rule, and like his illustrious father, wanted to be a pioneer in the Yogyakarta Reformation Movement, albeit in a non-violent manner. He was also one of the four key figures in the early reform period that sparked the Ciganjur Declaration, urging the government to hold elections as soon as possible. This was because PresidentB. J. Habibie had neitherconstitutional nor legal rights to take over the presidency from Suharto, who had just resigned.
Hamengkubuwono X has stated his vision for his region and the Sultanate is the development of science and technology, agriculture, tourism, and world-famous cultural industries, thus providing a fair and prosperous life to all his citizens. He was nominated, by popular choice, to theGolkar Yogyakarta Assembly as a presidential candidate for the2009 Indonesian presidential election campaign. Hamengkubuwono X, though widely respected across all parties and nationwide as neutral, honest, and uncorrupted, was ultimately unable to garner support outsideCentral Java and attain a first-round voting position.
In 2010, he formed Nasional Demokrat together withSurya Paloh, which later became theNasDem Party. Hamengkubuwono X later left the organization before the political inception, unhappy with its transformation into a political party.
Hamengkubuwono X has discontinued thepolygamist tradition ofJavanese monarchs having several wives and possibly multipleconcubines, as per his late father's wishes to modernize the royal system. He is married toQueen Hemas. Together, they have five daughters:Crown Princess Mangkubumi, Princess Condrokirono, Princess Maduretno,Princess Hayu, and Princess Bendoro. His decision to appoint his eldest daughter asheir presumptive ended the previouslyagnatic primogeniture succession and has become subject to controversy.[3]
Hamengkubuwono X resides in theKeraton Yogyakarta complex and uses the Governor's mansion solely for political affairs.
Source:[1]
Father —Sri SultanHamengkubuwono IX
Mother —Raden Ajeng Siti Kustina (Bandara Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Kanjeng Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Raden Ayu Adipati Anum)
| Styles of Hamengkubuwono X | |
|---|---|
| Reference style | His Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
| Alternative style | Ngarso Dalem |
In JavaneseKraton (palaces), thenames of individuals change with respect to a change in status:
His style and title in full English:His Majesty The Sultan Hamengkubuwono the Tenth, Commander-in-Chief in war, Servant of the Most Gracious, Cleric and Caliph that Safeguards the Religion[4][5]
Indonesia:
Star of Mahaputera (3rd Class) (Indonesian:Bintang Mahaputera Utama) (2007)
Civil Servants' Long Service Medal (Indonesian:Satyalancana Karya Satya) (30 years) Civil Servants' Long Service Medal (Indonesian:Satyalancana Karya Satya) (20 years) Civil Servants' Long Service Medal (Indonesian:Satyalancana Karya Satya) (10 years)
Medal for Contributing in the National Development (Indonesian:Satyalancana Pembangunan)
Medal for Providing an Example of Meritorious Personality (Indonesian:Satyalancana Wira Karya)
Medal for Service in the Field of Social Welfare (Indonesian:Satyalancana Kebaktian Sosial)
Badge of Melati
Badge of Dharma Bhakti
Badge of Pancawarsa IV
Badge of Pancawarsa VII
Austria
Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash of theDecoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria - 1996[6]
Japan:
Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star - 2022[7]
Netherlands:
Knight Grand Cross of theOrder of Orange-NassauHonorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, University of Tasmania, Australia (2015)[8]
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Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X Cadet branch of theHouse of Mataram Born: 2 April 1946 | ||
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Governor of Yogyakarta 1998–present | Incumbent |
| Regnal titles | ||
| Preceded by | Sultan of Yogyakarta 1989–present | Incumbent Heir presumptive: Mangkubumi |
| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
