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Hamdanid Dynasty الحمدانيون al-Hamdaniyyun | |||||||||||
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| 890–1004 | |||||||||||
 Hamdanid territory in 955 during the rule ofSayf al-Dawla | |||||||||||
| Capital | Mardin (892–895) Mosul (905–990) (in Iraq) Aleppo (944–1002) (in Syria) | ||||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||||
| Religion | Shia Islam (official) Christianity | ||||||||||
| Government | Hereditary monarchy | ||||||||||
| Emir | |||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||
• Established | 890 | ||||||||||
• Husayn ibn Hamdan establishes himself as leader of Al-Jazira for the Abbasids. | 895 | ||||||||||
• Sayf al-Dawla establishes himself in Aleppo after successfully countering the Ikhshidids of Egypt. | 944 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1004 | ||||||||||
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| Historical Arab states and dynasties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ancient Arab states
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Eastern dynasties
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Western dynasties and caliphates
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Arabian Peninsula
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East Africa
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Current monarchies
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TheHamdanid dynasty (Arabic:الحمدانيون,romanized: al-Ḥamdāniyyūn) was aShia Muslim Arab[1][2][3] dynasty that ruled modern dayNorthern Mesopotamia andSyria (890–1004). They descended from the ancientBanu Taghlib tribe of Mesopotamia andArabia.
The Hamdanids hailed from ArabTaghlib tribe, and are descendants of Adi ibn Usama al-Taghlibi. They're sometimes called Adawis or Taghlibis in historical sources.[2]
The Hamdanid dynasty was founded byHamdan ibn Hamdun. By 892–893, he was in possession ofMardin, after fighting theKharijites of theJazira.[2] In 895, Caliph al-Mutadid invaded and Hamdan fled Mardin.[2]
Hamdan's son, Husayn, who was at Ardumusht, joined the caliph's forces.[2] Hamdan later surrendered to the caliph and was imprisoned.[2] In December 908, Husayn conspired to establish Ibn al-Mu'tazz as Caliph. Having failed, Husayn fled until he asked for mediation through his brother Ibrahim. Upon his return, he was made governor ofDiyar Rabi'a.[2] In 916, Husayn, due to a disagreement with vizier Ali b. Isa, revolted, was captured, imprisoned, and executed in 918.[2]
Hamdan's other son, Abdallah, was made governor of Mosul in 905–906.[4] He conducted campaigns against the Kurds in that region and in 913–914, was dismissed from his post and subsequently revolted.[2] Abdallah submitted himself toMu'nis, and with his pardon was made governor of Mosul in 914–915.[2] During his brother Husayn's revolt, both he and his brother Ibrahim were temporarily imprisoned.[2] By 919, Abdallah was commanding an army against Yusuf b. Abi l'Sadj, governor of Adharbaydjan and Armenia.[2] During their rule the Hamdanids intermarried withKurdish dignitaries.[5]
The rule of HassanNasir al-Dawla (929–968), governor of Mosul andDiyar Bakr, was sufficiently tyrannical to cause him to be deposed by his own family.
His lineage still ruled inMosul, a heavy defeat by theBuyids in 979 notwithstanding, until 990. After this, their area of control in northern Iraq was divided between theUqaylids and theMarwanids.
AliSayf al-Dawla 'Sword of the Dynasty' ruled (945–967) northern Syria from Aleppo, and became the most important opponent of the ChristianByzantine Empire's re-expansion. His court was a centre of culture, thanks to its nurturing ofArabic literature, but it lost this status after the Byzantine sacking ofAleppo.
To stop the Byzantine advance, Aleppo was put under the suzerainty of theFatimids ofEgypt, but in 1003 the Fatimids deposed the Hamdanids.
Hamdanids in Al-Jazira
Hamdanids in Aleppo
The Hamdanids came from the Arab tribe of Taghlib..[..]...the Hamdanids tended to follow the Shī'ī inclinations...
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