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| Grouping | Fairy |
|---|---|
| Country | Finland |
Ahaltija (haltia) is a spirit,gnome, orelf-like creature inFinnish mythology that guards, helps, or protects something or somebody. The word is possibly derived from the Gothichaltijar, which referred to the original settler of a homestead—although this is not the only possible etymology. It can also be derived from the Finnish verbhallita, which means 'to rule', 'to command', 'to master'.
The word is also used in modern Finnish to mean, depending on the context, holder, occupant, lord, master,owner-occupier, occupier, possessor, bearer, or owner.
There are many different kinds of haltijas. There are, for example water haltijas and forest haltijas. Even graveyards have their own haltijas (kalman väki, "death folk").
Human settlements also have haltijas. One type is thetonttu ormaan haltija (land haltija). The tonttu is the Finnish version of the Swedishtomte. The Finnish tonttu and the Swedish tomte are related to the wordstontti (Finnish) andtomt (Swedish), which both meanbuilding lot andbuilding site. (Later, such local spirits are also referred to as atomtegubbe ["old man of the homestead"] in Swedish). The kotihaltija (home elf, home gnome) is the tonttu who lives in every home. He takes care of the house, and it is important to treat him with respect. The saunatonttu lives in thesauna and protects it but also makes sure that people do not behave improperly in it.Joulutonttu is Finnish for Christmas elf. Unlike the Christmas elves in some countries, the Finnish joulutonttu doesn't have pointy ears.
There are even personal haltijas, which are protective spirits that are part of the plural human soul in Finno-Ugric animism. Haltijas are not like Christian angels, but have some resemblances to other spirit guide type forces found in indigenous folklore worldwide.
InEstonian mythology a similar being is calledhaldjas, whereas the term used in Estonian for a holder, master, or owner-occupier ishaldaja.
Haltija is sometimes written ashaltia. Nowadays this more old-fashioned spelling often refers to theelves inTolkien's books or other fantasy literature.
Some haltijas are divided into races or folks, which are calledväki.Väki is a polysemic term, and has been used in multiple conflicting meanings, and assigning only one definition to it is not consistent with the source material.Väki means either "strength/power" or "group/corps (of people)" (e.g.väkiviina "strong liquor" vs.sotaväki "the military"), of which the meaning of "power" is etymologically older. The meaning ofväki meaning "folk" is the result of the anthropomorphication of abstract concepts like "kalman väki",the power of dead spirits. It does not constitute a separate supernatural force likemana, but is a generic concept for "potency" or "power", including and not separately distinguishing magical potency.[1] There are different kind of väkis of haltijas, likeveden väki (water folk) ormetsän väki (forest folk). In this context, the wordväki can refer to them as a folk, their magical powers, or usually both at the same time. For example, if someone gets sick while swimming, this could be caused byväki of water that become attached to a person. In this senseväki is more like a magical power emanating from water that can make people ill, but it can also mean thathaltijas (spirits) are attached to a person. In comparison, if someone goes fishing, they can ask forväki of water to bring fish by calling individualhaltijas belonging to thatväki by their names, whereinväki is understood more as a folk.
Some väkis of haltijas:
Haltija väkis of different environments and materials were thought to be in conflict with each other. For example, when wood is burned, it is an assault in which väki of fire is beating väki of wood. Väki of fire can be used to scare other väki away. For example, if you were made ill by väki of water, that attached to you while you were swimming, this väki and the illness could be removed in sauna, which had many väki of fire.
