| Hakata Japanese | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Japan |
| Region | Fukuoka |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | haka1241 |
| IETF | ja-u-sd-jp40 |
Hakata dialect (博多弁,Hakata-ben) is aJapanese dialect spoken inFukuoka city.[1] Hakata dialect originated inHakata commercial district, while a relatedFukuoka dialect (福岡弁,Fukuoka-ben) was spoken in thecentral district.[2] Hakata dialect has spread throughout the city and its suburbs. Most Japanese regard Hakata dialect as the dialect typical ofFukuoka Prefecture, so it is sometimes calledFukuoka-ben.[citation needed]
Hakata dialect is being increasingly spoken in television interviews in Fukuoka, where previously standard Japanese was expected.[citation needed]
Hakata-ben, a dialect of Kyushu with historically strong ties toOkinawa (Ryukyu), retains a rich vocabulary that appears to share roots with theRyukyuan languages. One example is the Okinawan wordフーチバー, which means "mugwort." In Hakata-ben, related terms such asフツ andフツッパ (literally "leaf of フツ") are used, suggesting a common linguistic origin.
The basic grammar of Hakata dialect is similar to otherHichiku dialects such asSaga dialect,Nagasaki dialect, andKumamoto dialect. For example, Hakata dialect usesto ortto as a question, e.g., "What are you doing?", realized in standard Japanese asnani o shiteiru no?, isnan ba shiyo tto? ornan shitō to? in Hakata and other Hichiku dialects.
Among the various distinctive features of Hakata-dialect, some representative expressions include:
In particular, among younger speakers, the usage of〜ちゃん ("-chan") is often preferred instead of〜たい for a softer expression.
When a verb is followed by the particle「と」 (to), which corresponds to the standard Japanese particle「の」 (no) used for questions (e.g., "Are you going home?"), the pitch tends to rise toward the end.
When two verbs are connected in an auxiliary relationship, only the first syllable of the first verb and the last syllable of the second verb are pronounced with a low pitch.
In phrases where the particle「の」 (no) attaches to a noun or a clause, the main word generally adopts a rising intonation.
When a verb stands alone or is concluded with the past or perfective marker「た」 (ta), the final syllable must drop in pitch.
Examples:
Many Japaneseanime andmanga works feature characters who speak Kyushu dialects, including Hakata-dialect.[3]
Anime: