KhwajaHaji Dost Muhammad Qandhari (Pashto:حاجی دوست محمد قندھاری) was an Afghan Sufi master in theNaqshbandi tradition in the 19th century (1801–1868).
Dost Muhammad was born and received his early education in Kandahar in Afghanistan. While still a young man he encountered the great Indian Naqshbandi masterGhulam Ali Dehlavi (1743–1824) in the Prophet's Mosque in Medina. He reported that Ghulam Ali's spiritual energy (fayz) was so strong that it caused him to become restless and disturbed, to the extent that he was hardly able to move from his place. Returning to India, he continued to be subject to ecstatic states, some of which lasted for several weeks. Ghulam Ali died, however, before Dost Muhammad could become a disciple. So instead he applied to Ghulam Ali's successorAbu Sa'eed Mujaddidi Rampuri. At the time Abu Sa'eed was leaving for the Hajj and sent Dost Muhammad to his son (and successor)Shah Ahmed Sa'eed Dehlvi (1802–1860).
Within 14 months of staying with his Shaykh, Haji Dost Muhammad became Ahmed Sa'eed'skhalifa in the Qandahar region of Afghanistan. Following the assassination in 1842 ofShah Shuja, the ruler of Afghanistan (and client of the British), Dost Muhammad was forced to leave the country. (These same events also forced the departure from Afghanistan of his most celebrated disciple, Sayyid Muhammed ShahJan-Fishan Khan Paghmani). Ahmed Sa'eed advised Dost Muhammad to establish himself in a place where "both Pashto and Punjabi are spoken". Following this instruction, Dost Muhammad settled in the village ofMusazai Sharif, near to Dera Ismail Khan (now in Pakistan), where he established a teaching centre and is buried.
Dost Muhammad's successor wasKhwaja Muhammad Usman Damani, to whom he gave unrestricted permission to teach "the methods of the Naqshbandiyya Mujaddidiya Ma'sumiyya Mazhariyya and the Qadiriyya, Chistiyya, Suhrawardiyya, Kubrawiyya, Shattariyya, Madariyya, Qalandariyya and other Sufi lineages". He also handed over to him all his Islamic centers including Musazai Sharif, his personal library and other assets.
Haji Dost Muhammad died on 22Shawwal 1284 AH (17 February 1868) and was buried in Mussa Zai Sharif, districtDera Ismail Khan in present-dayPakistan.
InThe Way of the Sufi,Idries Shah attributes this "sentence of the Khajagan" to Dost Muhammad (who he calls Qandahari):
"You hear my words. Hear, too, that there are words other than mine. These are not meant for hearing with the physical ear. Because you see only me, you think there is no Sufism apart from me. You are here to learn, not to collect historical information."
Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari belonged to theMujaddidi order ofSufism, which is the main branch ofNaqshbandi Sufi tariqah. His spiritual lineage goes toMuhammad, through ShaikhAhmad Sirhindi, theMujaddid of eleventhHijri century. The complete lineage is as under:[1]
Arthur F. Buehler (1998).Sufi Heirs of the Prophet: The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh. University of South Carolina Press.ISBN978-1-57003-201-1.
