| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 178,990 (by ancestry,2021 Census)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| MostlyQuebec, with smaller populations inOntario,Alberta,British Columbia andNew Brunswick | |
| Languages | |
| Canadian French, Canadian English, Haitian Creole | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly:Roman Catholicism andHaitian Vodou Minority:Protestantism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Haitians,Chinese Canadians,Indo-Canadians,French Canadians,Black Canadians,Haitian Americans |
Haitian Canadians (French:Haïtiano-Canadiens) areCanadians of Haitian descent orHaitian-born residents ofCanada. As of 2016, more than 86% of Haitian Canadians resided inQuebec.[2]
Immigration from Haiti to Quebec started in 1963.[3] Haitian settlement in the Quebec municipality Montreal increased about 40% between the late 1960s and the early 1970s. Immigration data from 1968 shows that Haiti placed fifteenth in overall origin countries outputting migrants to Quebec; in addition, Haiti had 1.6% of the total immigration percentage of Quebec in 1968. In the span of five years, Haiti became the second-largest source country for Quebec immigration, accounting for 8.4% of the total number of immigrants to Quebec in 1973.[3]
The migration of Haitian immigrants between 1969 and 1974 can be understood through the political institutions in place within Haiti at the time. Haiti was governed by way of a dictatorship, led byFrançois Duvalier.[3] Duvalier had been contested by the leftistUnified Party of Haitian Communists, who failed in resisting Duvalier's authoritarian regime.[3] Duvalier's death and the subsequent succession of his sonJean-Claude Duvalier led to the notion of “patriotic action”, a declaration of nationalism directed towards Haitian Canadian and Haitian American immigrants, as well as a call to action in assisting their Haitian brethren.[3] Haitian Canadians joined forces with their home country brethren in some cases to assist in the "“resolution of the Haitian crisis” and to attempt to establish greater leftist political power.[4] The idea of “patriotic action” finalized with the potential deportation faced by around 700 Haitian Canadians from 1972 to 1973.[3] These Haitian Québécois joined forces under a protest movement in regards to their rights as citizens; these protests were organized by the Christian community of Haitians of Montreal.[3]
| Number of Haitian nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year[5] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Number of Haitian nationals admitted | Total number of permanent residents admitted | Proportion of permanent residents admitted |
| 2002 | 2,217 | 229,048 | 1% |
| 2003 | 1,945 | 221,349 | 0.9% |
| 2004 | 1,657 | 235,823 | 0.7% |
| 2005 | 1,719 | 262,242 | 0.7% |
| 2006 | 1,650 | 251,640 | 0.7% |
| 2007 | 1,614 | 236,753 | 0.7% |
| 2008 | 2,509 | 247,246 | 1% |
| 2009 | 2,085 | 252,174 | 0.8% |
| 2010 | 4,552 | 280,691 | 1.6% |
| 2011 | 6,208 | 248,748 | 2.5% |
| Province | Population | Percentage | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
 Quebec | 143,165 | 1.8% | [6] |
 Ontario | 17,715 | 0.1% | [7] |
 Alberta | 2,235 | 0.1% | [8] |
 British Columbia | 1,140 | 0.0% | [9] |
 Nova Scotia | 355 | 0.0% | [10] |
 New Brunswick | 305 | 0.0% | [11] |
 Manitoba | 235 | 0.0% | [12] |
 Saskatchewan | 185 | 0.0% | [13] |
 Prince Edward Island | 35 | 0.0% | [14] |
 Newfoundland and Labrador | 25 | 0.0% | [15] |
 Northwest Territories | 10 | 0.0% | [16] |
 Nunavut | 0 | 0.0% | [17] |
 Yukon | 0 | 0.0% | [18] |
 Canada | 165,095 | 0.5% | [19] |
Noted representations of Haitian Canadian culture have included the novels ofDany Laferrière, and the television comedy seriesLakay Nou.[20]
| By ethnic or national origin |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Canadian settlement | ||
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