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Hailun 海伦市 Hai-lun | |
|---|---|
 Location of the city | |
  Hailun Location in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates:47°28′N126°58′E / 47.467°N 126.967°E /47.467; 126.967 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Suihua |
| Municipal seat | Hailun Town (海伦镇) |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,667 km2 (1,802 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 239 m (784 ft) |
| Population (2018)[1] | |
• Total | 756,616 |
| • Density | 162.1/km2 (419.9/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 152300 |
| Area code | 0455 |
| Climate | Dwb |
Hailun (simplified Chinese:海伦;traditional Chinese:海倫;pinyin:Hǎilún) is a city in west-centralHeilongjiang province,People's Republic of China. Administratively, it is acounty-level city underSuihua City.
Hailun was one of the earliest centrally governed counties inHeilongjiang Province. The city was named after the Hailun River, which runs through it. The name Hailun is a variation of aManchu word that sounds like "kailing", which means "otter". This name was chosen due to the abundance ofotters inhabiting the nearby river. The area around Hailun was initially ruled by theManchu people and was administrated fromHulan City for much of the ManchuQing dynasty.[2]
By 1885 (the eleventh ruling year of the EmperorGuangxu of theQing dynasty), Hailun was administrated by the prefecture-level city ofSuihua. In 1898, the Tongken Deputy Metropolitan Government was established, and the territory of Hailun County was placed under its jurisdiction. The Tongken Deputy Metropolitan Government was dissolved in 1906.
In 1912,Republic of China's first year in power, Hailun Prefecture was renamed to Hailun County. In 1932, following the Japanese annexation ofManchuria, Hailun County was absorbed into the Japanese puppet state ofManchukuo. On August 15, 1945, Manchukuo was liberated by the SovietRed Army, and the puppet state was disestablished. The region was then handed over to thePeople’s Liberation Army underMao Zedong.Under the leadership of theChinese Communist Party, the People's Government was established in Manchuria in November 1945. Hailun County was under the direct jurisdiction of the CCP and the PLA until the founding of thePeople's Republic of China in 1949.
Since the founding of thePeople's Republic of China in 1949, Hailun County has been under the jurisdiction ofHeilongjiang Province. On December 23, 1989, the State Council approved the renaming of Hailun County to Hailun City (county level).The name change did not affect the administrative jurisdiction under the city, and it was still governed through the Suihua District. On January 11, 1990, the area was officially renamed.
Hailun is located on theSongnen Plain with theLesser Khingan mountain range to the west. Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 46° 58' to 47° 52' N, and in longitude from 126° 14' to 127° 45' E.
Hailun has ahumid continental climate (Köppen:Dwb), with long, cold, and dry winters and humid, warm summers. The daily mean temperature in January, the coldest month, is −21.1 °C (−6.0 °F). The daily mean temperature in July, the warmest month, is 21.9 °C (71.4 °F). The average annual temperature of Hailun is +2.48 °C (36.5 °F). Nearly two-thirds of the annual precipitation falls between June and August. With percent possible sunshine ranging from 53% in July to 71% in February, the city receives 2,680 hours of sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Hailun, elevation 220 m (720 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) | 6.0 (42.8) | 19.1 (66.4) | 28.3 (82.9) | 33.0 (91.4) | 38.0 (100.4) | 36.6 (97.9) | 35.4 (95.7) | 32.5 (90.5) | 24.7 (76.5) | 13.5 (56.3) | 3.4 (38.1) | 38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −16.0 (3.2) | −9.8 (14.4) | 0.3 (32.5) | 11.7 (53.1) | 20.3 (68.5) | 25.4 (77.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 25.1 (77.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 10.3 (50.5) | −3.1 (26.4) | −13.9 (7.0) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −21.0 (−5.8) | −15.7 (3.7) | −5.3 (22.5) | 5.7 (42.3) | 14.0 (57.2) | 19.8 (67.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 20.1 (68.2) | 13.9 (57.0) | 4.6 (40.3) | −8.0 (17.6) | −18.5 (−1.3) | 2.7 (36.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −25.6 (−14.1) | −21.3 (−6.3) | −11.0 (12.2) | −0.2 (31.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 14.3 (57.7) | 17.7 (63.9) | 15.6 (60.1) | 8.3 (46.9) | −0.4 (31.3) | −12.4 (9.7) | −22.8 (−9.0) | −2.5 (27.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −40.3 (−40.5) | −36.6 (−33.9) | −32.0 (−25.6) | −16.0 (3.2) | −7.9 (17.8) | 2.4 (36.3) | 7.1 (44.8) | 3.1 (37.6) | −5.0 (23.0) | −19.1 (−2.4) | −31.1 (−24.0) | −37.2 (−35.0) | −40.3 (−40.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 3.7 (0.15) | 3.6 (0.14) | 9.8 (0.39) | 22.6 (0.89) | 46.5 (1.83) | 106.3 (4.19) | 147.5 (5.81) | 135.9 (5.35) | 64.5 (2.54) | 22.7 (0.89) | 10.1 (0.40) | 7.3 (0.29) | 580.5 (22.87) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.3 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 11.5 | 14.1 | 14.4 | 14.0 | 9.9 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 104.6 |
| Average snowy days | 8.0 | 5.7 | 7.0 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 8.0 | 9.3 | 44.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 73 | 68 | 59 | 53 | 53 | 66 | 79 | 80 | 70 | 63 | 68 | 74 | 67 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 168.5 | 199.2 | 241.6 | 230.0 | 254.0 | 253.4 | 245.5 | 239.9 | 227.9 | 195.2 | 164.9 | 150.9 | 2,571 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 61 | 68 | 65 | 56 | 54 | 53 | 52 | 55 | 61 | 59 | 60 | 58 | 59 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[3][4][5] | |||||||||||||
Hailun City is divided into 14 towns and 9 townships.[6]