| Transliteration of Chinese |
|---|
| Mandarin |
| Wu |
| Yue |
| Min |
| Gan |
| Hakka |
| Xiang |
| Polylectal |
| See also |
Hagfa Pinyim (lit. 'Hakka Pinyin') is a system ofromanization used to transcribe Chinese characters as used inHakka intoLatin script. Hagfa Pinyim was developed byLau Chun-fat (Chinese:劉鎮發) for use in hisHakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese:客語拼音字彙;lit. 'Hakka Pinyin Vocabulary') that was published in 1997. The romanization system is named after thePinyin system used forMandarin Chinese and is designed to resemble Pinyin.
Hagfa Pinyim uses theLatin alphabet and numbers to indicate tones.[1] A single hyphen is used to represent a compound. The vowels listed are conventional forms, however irregular forms may occur.
| Hagfa Pinyim | Extended bopomofo | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | ㄅ | p | bag5伯 |
| p | ㄆ | pʰ | pag6白 |
| d | ㄉ | t | du3肚 |
| t | ㄊ | tʰ | tai4大 |
| g | ㄍ | k | ga1家 |
| k | ㄎ | kʰ | kiung4共 |
| z | ㄗ | ts | zo4做 |
| c | ㄘ | tsʰ | ca1車 |
| s | ㄙ | s | se4細 |
| j | ㄐ | tɕ | ji1知 |
| q | ㄑ | tɕʰ | qi2徐 |
| x | ㄒ | ɕ | xi4四 |
| l | ㄌ | l | li1鯉 |
| m | ㄇ | m | mi3美 |
| n | ㄋ | n | nai2泥 |
| ng | ㄫ | ŋ | ngiu2牛 |
| f | ㄈ | f | fi1飛 |
| v | ㄪ | v/ʋ | vun2文 |
| h | ㄏ | h | heu4後 |
| Hagfa Pinyim | Extended bopomofo | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| y | ㄧ | j | yi1羽 |
| Hagfa Pinyim | Extended bopomofo | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| a | ㄚ | a |
| i | ㄧ | i |
| u | ㄨ | u |
| e | ㄝ | e |
| o | ㄛ | o |
| i | ㆨ | ɨ |
| -b | ㆴ | p |
| -d | ㆵ | t |
| -g | ㆶ | k |
| Tone number | Chinesetone name | Meixian | Huiyang | Hong Kong[2] | Sixian | Hailu | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yinping (dark even) | 44 | 44 | 33 | 24 | 53 | fon1歡 |
| 2 | yangping (light even) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 55 | teu2頭 |
| 3 | yinshang (dark rising) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 24 | hi3喜 |
| 3 | yangshang (light rising) (merged with yinshang) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 24 | hi3喜 |
| 4 | yinqu (dark departing) | 52 | 53 | 53 | 55 | 11 | mian4面 |
| 4 | yangqu (light departing) | — | — | — | — | 33 | |
| 5 | yinru (dark entering) | 1 | 1 | 32 | 2 | 5 | zug5粥 |
| 6 | yangru (light entering) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | sid6食 |
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)