Hadley, Massachusetts | |
|---|---|
 Town Hall and First Congregational Church | |
 Seal | |
| Nicknames: | |
 Location in Hampshire County in Massachusetts | |
| Coordinates:42°20′30″N72°35′20″W / 42.34167°N 72.58889°W /42.34167; -72.58889 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Hampshire |
| Settled | 1659 |
| Incorporated | May 22, 1661 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Open town meeting |
| Area | |
• Total | 24.6 sq mi (63.7 km2) |
| • Land | 23.1 sq mi (59.8 km2) |
| • Water | 1.5 sq mi (3.9 km2) |
| Elevation | 128 ft (39 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 5,325 |
| • Density | 231/sq mi (89.0/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (Eastern) |
| ZIP Code | 01035 |
| Area code | 413 |
| FIPS code | 25-27690 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0618201 |
| Website | www |
Hadley (/ˈhædli/ ⓘ,HAD-lee)[3] is atown inHampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,325 at the2020 census.[4] It is part of theSpringfield, MassachusettsMetropolitan Statistical Area. The area around theHampshire andMountain Farms Malls alongRoute 9 is a major shopping destination for the surrounding communities.
Hadley was first settled in 1659 and was officially incorporated in 1661. The former Norwottuck was renamed forHadleigh, Suffolk.[5] Its settlers were primarily a discontented group of families from thePuritan colonies ofHartford andWethersfield,Connecticut, who petitioned to start a new colony up north after some controversy over doctrine in the local church. The settlement was led byJohn Russell. The first settler inside of Hadley wasNathaniel Dickinson, who surveyed the streets of what is now Hadley,Hatfield, andAmherst. At the time, Hadley encompassed a wide radius of land on both sides of theConnecticut River (but mostly on the eastern shore) including much of what would become known as theEquivalent Lands.[6] In the following century, these were broken off into precincts and eventually the separate towns of Hatfield, Amherst,South Hadley,Granby andBelchertown. The early histories of these towns are, as a result, filed under the history of Hadley.
Lt. Gen.Edward Whalley and Maj. Gen.William Goffe, two Puritan generals hunted for their role in the execution (or "regicide") ofCharles I of England, were hidden[7] in the home of the town's minister, John Russell. DuringKing Philip's War, an attack byNative Americans was, by some accounts, thwarted with the aid of General Goffe. This event, compounded by the reluctance of the townsfolk to betray Goffe's location, developed into the legend of theAngel of Hadley, which came to be included in the historical manuscriptHistory of Hadley bySylvester Judd.[8]
In 1683, eleven years before theSalem witch trials,Mary Webster, wife to William Webster son of the former governor of Connecticut and a founder of the very town of Hadley (John Webster), was accused and acquitted of witchcraft. She was unsuccessfully hanged by rowdy town folk.[9] A description is given in Cotton Mather'sMagnalia Christi Americana.
TheCivil War generalJoseph Hooker was a longtime resident of Hadley.Levi Stockbridge, one of the founders of theMassachusetts Agricultural College (now theUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst), was also from Hadley where he was a farmer.
Hadley's transformation from an old agricultural order to the new form is the direct result of expansion of the nearbyUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst during the 1960s. Much of its former farmland was swallowed in the housing market stimulated by incoming faculty and off-campus students.Route 116 was redirected in an attempt to solve traffic congestion.Route 9, which runs east–west through the town to connect Amherst andNorthampton, became a hotpoint for commercial development due to Amherst not wanting development on its land while large corporations opened stores along the strip. Today, the Hadley economy is a mixture of agriculture and commercial development, including big-box stores and theHampshire Mall.
In 2003, an organization called Hadley Neighbors for Sensible Development[10] was formed that opposed continued large-scale commercial development in Hadley by emphasizing the downside of such growth. However, many local residents support commercial development, and about 1,000 people signed a petition asking for a new Wal-Mart, saying it would save them money on their groceries.[11] In 2008, Wal-Mart pulled its plans to build the Supercenter after the Conservation Commission ruled that the plan did not comply with wetlands regulations. The developer of the site (Hampshire Mall) filed and lost numerous appeals but continued its legal challenges of the commission's findings.[12] Many residents also opposed rezoning to accommodate a new Lowe's store because they said it would be too big and would require more filling ofwetlands than allowed by state law. However, the rezoning passed in 2004 and the store was built in 2009. Lowe's then sued the town because it didn't want to pay the required sewer hookup fees. And, in 2010, theMassachusetts Department of Environmental Protection found that Lowe's had illegally filled large areas of wetlands on that site and fined the developer more than $15,000.[13]
TheWorld Monuments Fund listed the "Cultural Landscape of Hadley, Massachusetts" on the2010 World Monuments Watch List of Most Endangered Sites.
Watch listing seeks to raise awareness about this rare survivor of 17th-century agriculture, promote visitation, and engage the local community in its stewardship.
— World Monuments Fund[14]
The landscape of Hadley is largelyopen-field farming, which was only used in the earliestNew England settlements and had mostly disappeared by the 18th century; its survival in Hadley on such a large scale is unusual. According to the World Monument Fund 165 acres (0.67 km2) are zoned for residential and commercial use, providing no long-term protection for the historic landscape.[14]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 24.6 square miles (63.7 km2), of which 23.1 square miles (59.8 km2) is land and 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), or 6.18%, is water.[15] The land boundaries of Hadley areSunderland to the north,Amherst to the east, andSouth Hadley to the south. Across the Connecticut River, Hadley bordersHatfield to the northwest,Northampton to the west, andEasthampton andHolyoke along a short length of river to the southwest. TheMount Holyoke Range forms the boundary with South Hadley and is where the highest point of Hadley is found.[16] This is on Mount Hitchcock at an elevation of 990 to 1,000 feet (300 to 300 m). TheMetacomet-Monadnock Trail traverses the Holyoke Range with panoramic vistas from several locations.
![[icon]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aWiki_letter_w_cropped.svg) | This sectionneeds expansion with: a weather box table. You can help byadding to it.(June 2025) |
In a typical year, Hadley, Massachusetts, temperatures fall below 50 °F (10 °C) for 205 days per year. Annual precipitation is typically 44.7 inches per year (high in the US) and snow covers the ground 66 days per year or 18.1% of the year (high in the US). It may be helpful to understand the yearly precipitation by imagining nine straight days of moderate rain per year. The humidity is below 60% for approximately 18.4 days, or 5% of the year.[17]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 1,986 | — |
| 1860 | 2,105 | +6.0% |
| 1870 | 2,301 | +9.3% |
| 1880 | 1,938 | −15.8% |
| 1890 | 1,669 | −13.9% |
| 1900 | 1,789 | +7.2% |
| 1910 | 1,999 | +11.7% |
| 1920 | 2,784 | +39.3% |
| 1930 | 2,082 | −25.2% |
| 1940 | 2,576 | +23.7% |
| 1950 | 2,639 | +2.4% |
| 1960 | 3,099 | +17.4% |
| 1970 | 3,750 | +21.0% |
| 1980 | 4,125 | +10.0% |
| 1990 | 4,231 | +2.6% |
| 2000 | 4,793 | +13.3% |
| 2010 | 5,250 | +9.5% |
| 2020 | 5,325 | +1.4% |
| 2022* | 5,270 | −1.0% |
| * = population estimate.[18] | ||
As of thecensus[19] of 2000, there were 4,793 people, 1,895 households, and 1,248 families residing in the town. The population density was 205.7 inhabitants per square mile (79.4/km2). There were 1,953 housing units at an average density of 83.8 per square mile (32.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.91%White, 0.75%African American, 0.6%Native American, 1.56%Asian, 0.58% fromother races, and 1.13% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 1.67% of the population.
There were 1,895 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% weremarried couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.1% were non-families. Of all households, 24.7% were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.90.
The population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $51,851, and the median income for a family was $61,897. Males had a median income of $44,773 versus $34,189 for females. Theper capita income for the town was $24,945. About 4.8% of families and 6.9% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 6.6% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.
Hadley is home to Hadley Elementary School serving children in kindergarten through sixth grade, andHopkins Academy, serving grades seven through twelve. Hopkins Academy was founded in 1664 through money that was donated byEdward Hopkins, a wealthy Connecticut merchant, and it is the fourtholdest public high school in the United States. Hadley is also home to thePioneer Valley Chinese Immersion Charter School.
Hadley is governed by openTown Meeting, aSelect Board, and aTown Administrator.
Hadley's economy can be in large part characterized by agriculture and retail services, having the thoroughfareMassachusetts Route 9 traversing it east to west with abundant stores, and a wide variety of farms which benefit from the area's Hadley loam. Due to its climate and soils, one of its staple crops for the last two centuries has consistently been itsasparagus, which has been described as competing in Boston markets despite local availability of the crop from other nearby regions, as well as in restaurants in France and Germany, and Queen Elizabeth II's own annual spring feast in England. Its ubiquity and reputation in Hadley agriculture has lent it the nickname "Hadley grass".[22][23][24]
It's been called the Breadbasket of Massachusetts; and now, the town of Hadley is being honored for its farm preservation.
equivalent lands.
Asparagus occupies a fair acreage and is successfully grown, even competing in the Boston market with asparagus grown from near-by sections
Municipalities and communities ofHampshire County, Massachusetts,United States | ||
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| Other villages | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
