The<audio> element represents a sound, or an audio stream. It is commonly used to play back a single audio file within a web page, showing a GUI widget with play/pause/volume controls.
The<audio> element has these attributes: the music
autoplay = "autoplay" or "" (empty string) or empty Instructs the User-Agent to automatically begin playback of the audio stream as soon as it can do so without stopping.
preload = "none" or "metadata" or "auto" or "" (empty string) or empty Represents a hint to the User-Agent about whether optimistic downloading of the audio stream itself or its metadata is considered worthwhile.
"none": Hints to the User-Agent that the user is not expected to need the audio stream, or that minimizing unnecessary traffic is desirable.
"metadata": Hints to the User-Agent that the user is not expected to need the audio stream, but that fetching its metadata (duration and so on) is desirable.
"auto": Hints to the User-Agent that optimistically downloading the entire audio stream is considered desirable.
controls = "controls" or "" (empty string) or empty Instructs the User-Agent to expose a user interface for controlling playback of the audio stream.
loop = "loop" or "" (empty string) or empty Instructs the User-Agent to seek back to the start of the audio stream upon reaching the end.
mediagroup = string Instructs the User-Agent to link multiple videos and/or audio streams together.
muted = "muted" or "" (empty string) or empty Represents the default state of the audio stream, potentially overriding user preferences.
src = non-empty [URL] potentially surrounded by spaces The URL for the audio stream.
The adoption of HTML audio, as withHTML video, has become polarized between proponents offree andpatent-encumbered formats. In 2007, the recommendation to useVorbis wasretracted from theHTML5 specification by theW3C together with that to useOgg Theora, citing the lack of a format accepted by all the major browser vendors.
Apple andMicrosoft support theISO/IEC-defined formatsAAC and the olderMP3.Mozilla andOpera support the free andopen,royalty-freeVorbis format inOgg andWebM containers, and criticize the patent-encumbered nature of MP3 and AAC, which are guaranteed to be “non-free”.Google has so far provided support for all common formats.
Most AAC files with finite length are wrapped in an MPEG-4 container (.mp4, .m4a), which is supported natively in Internet Explorer, Safari, and Chrome, and supported by the OS in Firefox and Opera.[citation needed] Most AAC live streams with infinite length are wrapped in an Audio Data Transport Stream container (.aac, .adts), which is supported by Chrome, Safari, Firefox and Edge.[1][2][3]
Many browsers also support uncompressedPCM audio in aWAVE container.[4]
In 2012, the free and open royalty-freeOpus format was released and standardized byIETF. It is supported by Mozilla, Google, Opera and Edge.[4][5][6][7]
This table documents the current support foraudio coding formats by the<audio> element.
The Web Audio API specification developed byW3C describes a high-level JavaScript API for processing and synthesizing audio in web applications. The primary paradigm is of an audio routing graph, where a number of AudioNode objects are connected together to define the overall audio rendering. The actual processing will primarily take place in the underlying implementation (typically optimized Assembly / C / C++ code), but direct JavaScript processing and synthesis is also supported.[27]
Mozilla's Firefox browser implements a similar Audio Data API extension since version 4, implemented in 2010[28] and released in 2011, but Mozilla warns it is non-standard and deprecated, and recommends the Web Audio API instead.[29]Some JavaScript audio processing and synthesis libraries such asAudioletArchived 2013-01-28 at theWayback Machine support both APIs.
TheWeb Speech API aims to provide an alternative input method for web applications (without using a keyboard). With this API, developers can give web apps the ability to transcribe voice to text, from the computer's microphone. The recorded audio is sent to speech servers for transcription, after which the text is typed out for the user. The API itself is agnostic of the underlying speech recognition implementation and can support both server based as well as embedded recognizers.[34]TheHTML Speech Incubator group has proposed the implementation of audio-speech technology in browsers in the form of uniform, cross-platform APIs. The API contains both:[35]
Speech Input API
Text to Speech API
Google integrated this feature into Google Chrome in March 2011.[36] Letting its users search the web with their voice with code like:
Firefox Desktop 44.0 and up (Linux and Mac) / 45.0 and up (Windows) [PARTIAL: speech synthesis only; no recognition; enabled by default since 49.0][38][39]
^abThere is no native support for the AAC codec due to licensing reasons. Decoding of audio files requires the host OS to provide a compatible library.[10]
^An MPEG-4 file contains a header that includesmetadata followed by "tracks" which can include video as well as audio data, for example, H.264 encoded Video and AAC encoded Audio. ADTS in contrast is a streaming format consisting of a series of frames, each frame having a header followed by the AAC data.[2]
^Chris Rogers (2012-03-15)."Web Audio API".W3C. Archived from the original on 2012-07-20. Retrieved2012-07-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^"Audio Processing API".W3C. 2011-12-15. Archived from the original on 2012-06-14. Retrieved2012-07-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
