TheHL-60 cell line is a humanleukemiacell line that has been used for laboratory research on blood cell formation and physiology. HL-60 proliferates continuously in suspensionculture in nutrient andantibiotic chemicals. Thedoubling time is about 36–48 hours. The cell line was derived from a 36-year-old woman who was originally reported to haveacute promyelocytic leukemia at theMD Anderson Cancer Center.[1] HL-60 cells predominantly showneutrophilic promyelocytic morphology.[1] Subsequent evaluation, including the karyotype that showed absence of the defining t(15;17) translocation, concluded that HL-60 cells are from a case of AML FAB-M2 (now referred to as AML with maturation (WHO)).[2]
Proliferation of HL-60 cells occurs through thetransferrin andinsulin receptors, which are expressed on cell surface. The requirement for insulin and transferrin is absolute, as HL-60 proliferation immediately ceases if either of these compounds is removed from the serum-free culture media.[3] With this line, differentiation to maturegranulocytes can be induced by compounds such asdimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), orretinoic acid. Other compounds like 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3,12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) andGM-CSF can induce HL-60 to differentiate tomonocytic,macrophage-like andeosinophil phenotypes, respectively.
The HL-60 cultured cell line provides a continuous source of human cells for studying the molecular events of myeloid differentiation and the effects of physiologic, pharmacologic, and virologic elements on this process. HL-60 cell model was used to study the effect ofDNA topoisomerase (topo) IIα and IIβ on differentiation andapoptosis of cells[4] and is especially useful in dielectrophoresis studies,[5] which require an aqueous environment with suspended and round cells. Furthermore, these cells have been used in order to investigate whether intracellularcalcium plays a role incaspase activation induced byreactive oxygen species.[6]
Chromatin and gene expression profiling in HL-60 cells and differentiated cells derived from these has been performed recently.[7]
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