Binary star system in the constellation Orion
HD 38529 (138 G. Orionis)[ 13] binary star system approximately 138light-years away in theconstellation ofOrion .
HD 38529 A is a yellowsubgiant star of spectral type G4IV,[ 14] main sequence dwarf of type G4V[ 5] giant star of type G8III/IV.[ 15] Sun .[ 7]
Two substellar companions are known in orbit around this star, including one with a mass near the deuterium fusion limit that is often used as the dividing line between giant planets andbrown dwarfs . There is adebris disk located at least 86astronomical units from the star.[ 16] [ 17]
In 2001, the planetHD 38529 b was discovered orbiting the star HD 38529 A byDebra Fischer and collaborators who detected it using theDoppler spectroscopy technique.[ 14] Jupiter and orbits very close to the star, just beyond the distance limit forhot Jupiters . It does nottransit the star.[ 8]
In 2003, a massivesuperjovian HD 38529 c was found orbiting at 3.68AU with aminimum mass of 12.7Jupiter masses .[ 3] Hipparcos satellite gave a best fit inclination of 160° and atrue mass 37 times that of Jupiter, turning this planet into abrown dwarf .[ 18]
Further study of the system usingHubble Space Telescope astrometry revised the mass of HD 38529 c downwards to 17.7 Jupiter masses and suggested the presence of an additional planet, orbiting in the gap between HD 38529 b and c.[ 19] [ 8] 10.4 M J [ 20] 18 M J ,[ 17] 12.9 M J .[ 21]
HD 38529 B is acommon proper motion stellar companion to HD 38529 A at a projected distance of about ~12000astronomical units . The star is ared dwarf of spectral type M3.0V.[ 5] galactic tides and perturbations by passing stars.[ 22]
^ HD 38529 b: Henryet al. (2013)[ 8] et al. (2025)[ 21] et al. (2020)[ 17] ^ Roman, Nancy G. (1987)."Identification of a constellation from a position" .Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 99 (617): 695.Bibcode :1987PASP...99..695R .doi :10.1086/132034 Constellation record for this object atVizieR .^a b c d e f Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023)."Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties" .Astronomy and Astrophysics .674 : A1.arXiv :2208.00211 Bibcode :2023A&A...674A...1G .doi :10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 S2CID 244398875 . Gaia DR3 record for this source atVizieR .^a b c d e Fischer, Debra A.; et al. (2003)."A Planetary Companion to HD 40979 and Additional Planets Orbiting HD 12661 and HD 38529" .The Astrophysical Journal .586 (2):1394– 1408.Bibcode :2003ApJ...586.1394F doi :10.1086/367889 ^a b c d e Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023)."Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties" .Astronomy and Astrophysics .674 : A1.arXiv :2208.00211 Bibcode :2023A&A...674A...1G .doi :10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 S2CID 244398875 . Gaia DR3 record for this source atVizieR .^a b c d Raghavan, Deepak; et al. (2006)."Two Suns in The Sky: Stellar Multiplicity in Exoplanet Systems" .The Astrophysical Journal .646 (1):523– 542.arXiv :astro-ph/0603836 Bibcode :2006ApJ...646..523R doi :10.1086/504823 ^a b c Kuznetsov, M. K.; Del Burgo, C.; Pavlenko, Ya. V.; Frith, J. (2019)."Characterization of a Sample of Southern M Dwarfs Using Harps and X-shooter Spectra" .The Astrophysical Journal .878 (2): 134.Bibcode :2019ApJ...878..134K .doi :10.3847/1538-4357/ab1fe9 ^a b c d e Ball, Warrick H.; Chaplin, William J.; Nielsen, Martin B.; González-Cuesta, Lucia; Mathur, Savita; Santos, Ângela R G.; García, Rafael; Buzasi, Derek; Mosser, Benoît; Deal, Morgan; Stokholm, Amalie; Mosumgaard, Jakob Rørsted; Silva Aguirre, Victor; Nsamba, Benard; Campante, Tiago; Cunha, Margarida S.; Ong, Joel; Basu, Sarbani; Örtel, Sibel; Çelik Orhan, Z.; Yıldız, Mutlu; Stassun, Keivan; Kane, Stephen R.; Huber, Daniel (2020)."Robust asteroseismic properties of the bright planet host HD 38529" .Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society .499 (4):6084– 6093.arXiv :2010.07323 Bibcode :2020MNRAS.499.6084B .doi :10.1093/mnras/staa3190 S2CID 222378164 . ^a b c d e f g h Henry, Gregory W.; et al. (2013)."Host Star Properties and Transit Exclusion for the HD 38529 Planetary System" .The Astrophysical Journal .768 (2). 155.arXiv :1303.4735 Bibcode :2013ApJ...768..155H doi :10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/155 ^a b c d e Stassun, Keivan G.; et al. (2019)."The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List" .The Astronomical Journal .158 (4): 138.arXiv :1905.10694 Bibcode :2019AJ....158..138S .doi :10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467 ^ "WDS J05466+0110AB" .SIMBAD Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved2019-09-07 .^ "HD 38529" .SIMBAD Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved2019-09-09 .^ "HD 38529 B" .SIMBAD Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved2019-09-09 .^ Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1879)."Uranometria Argentina catalog of bright southern stars" .Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino en Cordoba .1 . Buenos Aires.Bibcode :1879RNAO....1.....G . Retrieved2012-05-08 . ^a b Fischer, Debra A.; et al. (2001)."Planetary Companions to HD 12661, HD 92788, and HD 38529 and Variations in Keplerian Residuals of Extrasolar Planets" .The Astrophysical Journal .551 (2):1107– 1118.Bibcode :2001ApJ...551.1107F doi :10.1086/320224 ^ Houk, N.; Swift, C. (1999). "Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD Stars, Vol. 5".Michigan Spectral Survey .5 .Bibcode :1999MSS...C05....0H . ^ Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; et al. (2008)."The Complete Census of 70 μm-bright Debris Disks within "the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems" Spitzer Legacy Survey of Sun-like Stars" .The Astrophysical Journal .677 (1):630– 656.arXiv :0801.0163 Bibcode :2008ApJ...677..630H doi :10.1086/529027 ^a b c Xuan, Jerry W.; Kennedy, Grant M.; Wyatt, Mark C.; Yelverton, Ben (2020)."Mutual inclinations between giant planets and their debris discs in HD 113337 and HD 38529" .Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society .499 (4):5059– 5074.arXiv :2010.02961 Bibcode :2020MNRAS.499.5059X .doi :10.1093/mnras/staa3155 S2CID 222177269 . ^ Reffert, S.; Quirrenbach, A. (2006)."Hipparcos astrometric orbits for two brown dwarf companions: HD 38529 and HD 168443" .Astronomy and Astrophysics .449 (2):699– 702.Bibcode :2006A&A...449..699R doi :10.1051/0004-6361:20054611 hdl :1887/7483 ^ Benedict, G. Fritz; et al. (2010)."The Mass of HD 38529c from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-precision Radial Velocities" .The Astronomical Journal .139 (5):1844– 1856.arXiv :1003.0421 Bibcode :2010AJ....139.1844B doi :10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1844 ^ Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; et al. (August 2022)."3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars" .The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 262 (21): 21.arXiv :2208.12720 Bibcode :2022ApJS..262...21F .doi :10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57 S2CID 251864022 . ^a b Feng, Fabo; Xiao, Guang-Yao; et al. (April 2025)."Lessons learned from the detection of wide companions by radial velocity and astrometry" .Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 539 (4):3180– 3200.arXiv :2412.14542 doi :10.1093/mnras/staf689 ^ Correa-Otto, J. A.; Gil-Hutton, R. A. (2017)."Galactic perturbations on the population of wide binary stars with exoplanets" .Astronomy and Astrophysics .608 . 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