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Gunmetal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alloy of copper, tin, and zinc
For other uses, seeGunmetal (disambiguation).
Gunmetal parts

Gun metal, also known asred brass in the United States, is a type ofbronze – analloy ofcopper,tin, andzinc. Proportions vary but 88% copper, 8–10% tin, and 2–4% zinc is an approximation. Originally used chiefly for makingguns, it has largely been replaced bysteel for that purpose. Gunmetal casts and machines well, and is resistant to corrosion fromsteam andsalt water.[1] It is used to make steam and hydraulic castings, valves, gears, statues, and various small objects, such as buttons. It has a tensile strength of 221 megapascals (32,100 psi) to 310 megapascals (45,000 psi), a specific gravity of 8.7, aBrinell hardness of 65 to 74, and a melting point of around 1,000 degreesCelsius.[citation needed]

Variants

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  • Gunmetal ingot is a related alloy in which the zinc is replaced by 2% lead; this makes the alloy easier to cast but it has less strength.[2]
  • Modified gunmetal contains lead in addition to the zinc; it is typically composed of 86% copper, 9.5% tin, 2.5% lead, and 2% zinc. It is used for gears and bearings.[2]
  • U.S. government bronze specification G C90500 is composed of 88% copper, 10% tin, and 2% zinc, as is BritishAdmiralty gunmetal.
  • G bronze (orCopper Alloy No. C90300) contains 88% copper, 8% tin, and 4% zinc.[2][3]
  • U.S. government bronze specification H is composed of 83% copper, 14% tin, 3% zinc, and 0.8% phosphorus.[4]
  • Red brass is used to produce pipes, valves, and plumbing fixtures and is considered to offer a good mixture of corrosion resistance, strength and ease of casting.[5] It typically contains 85% copper, 5% tin, 5% lead, and 5% zinc.
  • Copper Alloy C23000, which isalso known asred brass, contains 84–86% copper, 0.05% each iron and lead, with the balance being zinc.[6]

Gunmetal can also mean steel treated to simulate gunmetal bronze.[7]Bushings made of this metal are used in machinery.

Other uses of gun metal

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Gun money, Irish late 17th-century emergency coins, contain gunmetal, as worn and scrapped guns were used to make them; but also many other metals, in particular brass and bronze, as people donated pots and pans and other metal objects.

External doors and windows of offshore rock lighthouses are often made of gunmetal due to its corrosion resistant properties.

References

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Look upgunmetal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  1. ^"Gunmetal".Encyclopedia Britannica. February 23, 2012. RetrievedApril 9, 2008.
  2. ^abcBrady, George Stuart; Henry R. Clauser; John A. Vaccari (2002).Materials Handbook. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 468–469.ISBN 0-07-136076-X.
  3. ^"C90300 Bronze Navy G - CDA 903". Anchor Bronze & Metals, Inc.
  4. ^"Gateway to Metals Steel & Minerals Castings [Gun Metal]". EuroAsia Softech LLP. December 14, 2015. Archived fromthe original on September 26, 2018. RetrievedSeptember 18, 2017.
  5. ^Ammen, C.W. (2000).Metalcasting. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 133.ISBN 0-07-134246-X.
  6. ^"C23000 Copper Alloys [Red Brass, C230] Material Property Data Sheet". Metal Suppliers Online.
  7. ^"Gunmetal".The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 17 May 2018. Retrieved9 April 2008 – viaEncyclopedia.com.
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