| Gundi | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ctenodactylus gundi | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Infraorder: | Ctenodactylomorphi |
| Family: | Ctenodactylidae Gervais, 1853 |
| Type genus | |
| Ctenodactylus Gray, 1830 | |
| Genera | |
 | |
Gundis orcomb rats are a group of small, stocky,Africanrodents in the familyCtenodactylidae. They live in rockydeserts across the northern parts of the continent. The family comprises four livinggenera and fivespecies (Speke's gundi,Felou gundi,Val's or desert gundi,common or North African gundi andMzab gundi), as well as numerous extinct genera and species.[1] They are in the superfamilyCtenodactyloidea. Local people in northern Africa have always known about gundis, however they first came to the notice of westernnaturalists inTripoli in 1774, and were given the namegundi mice.[2] While they are not regarded as pests, some people hunt gundis for food.[3]
All living gundi species are members of the Ctenodactylinae sub-family. The Ctenodactylidae family also includes three extinct sub-families, Tataromyinae, Karakoromyinae and Dystylomyinae.[4] The scientific name comes fromAncient Greekκτείς (kteís), "comb", andδάκτυλος (dáktulos), "finger".
Gundis are from 17 to 18 cm in body length, with compact bodies covered in soft fur, short legs, and large eyes. They have only four toes on all feet and the middle toes of the hind feet carry comb-like bristles, which earned them the name "comb rat".[5] Gundis have shorttails, which in some species are covered in a large fan of hair that aids in balancing as they move about their rocky and uneven environments. Their ribcages are flexible, which helps them fit into small crevices.
Gundis areherbivorous, eating almost every type of available plant. Like many other desert animals, they do not drink, obtaining all the moisture they need from their food.[5] Theirincisors lack the layer of tough, orange,enamel found in other rodents, and they have adental formula of:
| Dentition |
|---|
| 1.0.1-2.3 |
| 1.0.1-2.3 |
Females typically give birth to two young at a time, after agestation period of about two months. Because of the need to preserve moisture, female gundis produce only a small amount ofmilk, and the young are fullyweaned by four weeks of age.[5] On average, female gundis are bigger than males. Gundis live about 3 to 4 years in the wild.[3]
Gundis live in all manner of rocky desert habitats: cliffs, hills, rocky outcrops,scree slopes, and so on. They are found between sea level and 2,500 meters in elevation.[3]
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Gundis live in colonies of up to a hundred or more individuals, although colonies are smaller in environments where food is particularly scarce. They shelter in existing rock crevices at night, or duringmidday when the sun becomes too hot for them to remain active. Most shelters are temporary, but some are occupied for years. Gundis pile onto each other for heat, especially in cold or windy weather. They are not known to hibernate. Gundi colonies have a dunghill that all the members of the colony use.[3]
Gundis are vocal animals, with a range of alarm calls and communication signals for group bonding, greetings, and alerting other gundis of predators. All members of Ctenodactylidae thump their hind feet on the ground when alarmed. Gundis rely on their acute hearing.[3]
If a gundi is threatened, it will run to the nearest rock crevice or play dead. While gundis are generally slow, they can sprint when threatened. Gundis can also climb up almost vertical surfaces.
According to aDNA sequence study, the ancestors of the gundis diverged from those of theLaotian rock rat around theLutetian, some 44 million years ago (Early/MiddleEocene).[6]
Fossils within Ctenodactylidae have been found in Asia, dating back to the mid-Eocene. Gundi fossils from thePleistocene have been found in Asia, North Africa, and parts of Italy.[3]
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