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| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| Industry | Aircraft leases |
| Founded | 1975 (1975) |
| Founder | Tony Ryan |
| Defunct | November 1998 (1998-11) |
| Successor | AerFi Group plc |
| Headquarters | , IE |
Guinness Peat Aviation (GPA) was anaircraft leasing company set up in 1975 byAer Lingus, theGuinness Peat Group (a London-based financial services company) andTony Ryan, then an Aer Lingus executive.
GPA was based inShannon, Ireland. During the 1980s it became the world's largest commercial aircraft lessor and expanded its shareholding to includeAir Canada, General Electric, Short Term Credit Bank of Japan and companies in theMitsubishi group. GPA also had financing joint ventures with key aircraft manufactures, including Airbus, Fokker and McDonnell Douglas. At its peak, the company was valued at $4 billion. Net income reached $265 million in the year to 31 March 1992.
FormerTaoiseachGarret FitzGerald, former Britishchancellor of the exchequerNigel Lawson,Peter Sutherland and the former chairman of ICI, Sir John Harvey-Jones, were among GPA's non-executive directors.[1] Lawson joined the board of GPA in February 1990 but he also became chairman of GPA Financial, a subsidiary company.[2]
In 1990, GPA placed a $20 billion order for new aircraft, at the time 10 per cent of the world's aircraft production. It was then making an annual profit of $280 million.[3]
A new company, GPA Helicopters Ltd., was set up in June 1990 as a joint venture withCHC Helicopter to acquire, own and lease helicopters worldwide.[4]
The decision to float the company on thestock market in 1992, during an aviation industry downturn following the1991 Gulf War, proved disastrous, asinternational financial institutions refused to buy shares.[5] Unable to raise the capital it needed to continue its ambitious operations, the company plunged into crisis, with some $10 billion in debts.
The story of GPA's downfall is told by Christopher Brown, aviation lawyer and GPA Senior Vice-President, in his 2009 bookCrash Landing – An Inside Account of the Fall of GPA. The book is a personal memoir of the history, background and run-in to the failed initial public offering (share flotation), GPA's subsequent financial collapse and later restructuring and involvement ofGE Capital (GECAS). It is based on a contemporaneous diary of events kept by the author from 1990 to 1996 while employed by GPA and subsequently GECAS.[6][7]
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In a subsequentrestructuring completed in November 1993, GPA avoided default on its debts by selling some of its aircraft toGE Capital Aviation Services (GECAS), a subsidiary ofGeneral Electric, which also took over the operational management of GPA's fleet and most of GPA's technical and marketing staff.GE Capital also acquired an option to purchase 90% of GPA's ordinary shares at a low price. GPA used the cash from this transaction to repay all its unsecured debt. Chairman and chief executive Tony Ryan transferred to GECAS. He was replaced by Patrick Blaney as chief executive and byDennis Stevenson (later Lord Stevenson of Coddenham) as chairman.
GPA continued to own a substantial fleet and in March 1996 sold 229 aircraft for $4 B in what was at the time the second largest securitisation transaction ever. GPA used the cash from this sale to repay all of its secured debt and the company returned to profit in the year to 31 March 1996 with net income of $65 M. However, the servicer of the securitization was GECAS, meaning that those 229 aircraft were now marketed by GECAS in terms of leasing and re-leasing, effectively joining the GECAS fleet for many purposes, further confirming the rise of GECAS at the expense of GPA.
GPA further consolidated its position in the years to 31 March 1997, 1998 and 1999, reporting net income of $108 million, $64 million and $47 million. In November 1998,Texas Pacific Group acquired 62% of the company's shares and GE Capital's 1993 option was replaced by one to acquire an interest of 23%. As part of this transaction, the name of the company was changed toAerFi Group plc.[citation needed]
In December 1999, AerFi acquired Indigo Aviation, a Swedish aircraft lessor, and by 31 March 2000 was managing a fleet of 104 aircraft and reporting a profit of $68 million.
In November 2000, AerFi was acquired by debis AirFinance, an affiliate ofDaimlerChrysler AG, for $750 million. AerFi's fleet and staff were then merged into those of debis AirFinance.
In March 2005, debis AirFinance was acquired byCerberus Capital and subsequently renamedAerCap.
Many of the directors and staff of GPA subsequently went on to found or work for other aircraft lessors, such asGECAS (now merged into AerCap),Genesis Lease,CIT,AerCap (a successor to Guinness Peat and previously debisAirFinance),ILFC (now merged into AerCap), Pembroke Capital, International Aircraft Management Group (subsequently RBS Aviation Capital and later SMBC Aviation Capital),Babcock & Brown (now Fly Leasing) andAircastle. The availability of thiscadre of highly trained specialists in Ireland is one of the principal reasons (along with a favourablecorporate tax environment associated with theInternational Financial Services Centre (IFSC) inDublin) why the country has become one of the worldwide centres of the commercial aircraft financing and leasing industry, with over 40 companies, most located in the IFSC. GPA's founder, Tony Ryan, set up his own airline,Ryanair,[8] that was Europe's biggest in 2014, carrying over 83.8 million passengers annually.[9]
During theEthiopian famine, GPA sponsored twoairlifts of emergency supplies in October and November 1984.[10] GPA supported the renovation of theBolton Library inCashel, County Tipperary.[11] A number of other, mainly artistic endeavours benefited from sponsorship by GPA that included the following: In 1988 the first GPA Dublin International Piano Competition took place and was won by French pianistPhilippe Cassard.[12] In 1984Robert Armstrong won the Guinness Peat Aviation Awards for Emerging Artists[13] and in 1986Eithne Jordan won during the show held inDublin. One of the exhibitors wasVincent Killowry and in 1987 GPA bought most of the works at his first one-man show inLimerick.[14] In 1989John Banville received the Guinness Peat Aviation Book Award for his novelThe Book of Evidence, alsoshortlisted for the Booker Prize for Fiction.[15] Also in 1989 theFoynesFlying boat Museum at its inception, was sponsored as theGPA Foynes Flying Boat Museum.
A statue ofDaedalus, sculpted byJohn Behan, was presented to the people ofEnnis to mark the town's 750th anniversary in 1990.[16]
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