As of 2021, It ranked 10th by GDP among Brazilian cities and second in São Paulo state.[4] It is the tenth largest suburb in the world. The GDP per capita for the municipality was R$55.084,22 as of 2021.[5] TheSão Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport (GRU), the primary airport serving São Paulo and the largest one inBrazil andSouth America is located there. The city is the seat of theRoman Catholic Diocese of Guarulhos.
According toJosé de Alcântara Machado de Oliveira [pt], the name of the city derives from the name of the indigenous people who inhabited the region, the Guaramomis or Maramomis, which means "Eaters" or "big-bellied people" in theTupi Language. The name of the indigenous settlement founded in 1595 that gave rise to the city was ‘Conceição dos Guarulhos’, in reference to Our Lady of the Conception.[8]
Guarulhos was founded on December 8, 1560, by Jesuit priest Manuel de Paiva and named Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Its origin is linked to five other small villages that were in charge of defending the boundaries ofSão Paulo de Piratininga Village against theTamoios, a tribe of Indigenous people that lived in that region.[9]
In the sixteenth century, Guarulhos was a strategic location: it bordered the future São Paulo's Capital and was surrounded by theTietê (south), andCabuçu de Cima (west) rivers. For similar reasons, São Miguel Village (now theSão Miguel Paulista District in São Paulo) was established during the same period.
In 1880, Guarulhos separated from São Paulo and was named Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos. Its current name, Guarulhos, was adopted later, after the enactment of the law #1.021, on November 6, 1906.
The early 20th century was marked by the arrival of the railway and electricity (Light & Power), requests for the installation of the telephone network, licences for the establishment of industries and commercial activities, and passenger transport services.
During the 1930s, the city witnessed the actions of theFederal Intervention and theConstitutional Movement (Reflections of the Revolution that marked the end of the "Old Republic" during the 1930s in Brazil).
In 1940 the Monteiro Lobato Municipal Library was founded, in 1941, the first Health Center of the city, and ten years after that, the Holy House of Mercy of Guarulhos was established. On that decade arrive in the municipality industries from different sectors: electricity; metallurgy; plastics; food; rubber; footwear; vehicles; clocks, and leather.[9]
In 1963 the Commercial & Industrial Association of Guarulhos was founded, nowadays called the Commerce & Business Association of Guarulhos, Associação Comercial e Empresarial de Guarulhos – ACE.
With the big boom of the Industrial sector, a large number of manpower was drawn into the city. This new population settled in an urban area on a continuous process of land occupation. At this rate the population grew from 35,000 in 1950 to 101,000 in 1960, from 237,000 in 1970 to 532,726 in 1980. Most of these citizens devoted themselves to Industrial activities in Guarulhos (that hosts around 2,000 establishments), and São Paulo.[10]
Between 2000 and 2006, its population grew three times as much as São Paulo State. According toIBGE, Guarulhos is the second most populous city in the State after São Paulo's capital. Most of its population is economically active and evenly distributed in terms of gender.[13]
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. TheKöppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).[14]
In telecommunications, the city was served byTelecomunicações de São Paulo.[18] In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted theVivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).[19]
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