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Huarijio language

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Uto-Aztecan language spoken in Mexico
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Huarijio
Varihío, Guarijío
Warihó, Warihío
Native toMexico
RegionChihuahua,Sonora
EthnicityHuarijio people
Native speakers
2,100 (2020 census)[1]
Dialects
  • Mountain (Wariho)
  • River (Makurawe)
Official status
Regulated bySecretaría de Educación Pública
Language codes
ISO 639-3var
Glottologhuar1255
ELPGuarijío
  Huarijio
Mountain and River Guarijío are classified as Vulnerable by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.

Huarijio (Huarijío in Spanish; also spelledGuarijío,Varihío, andWarihío) is aUto-Aztecan language of the states ofChihuahua andSonora in northwesternMexico. It is spoken by around 2,100Huarijio people, most of whom are monolinguals.

Distribution

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The language has two variants, known as Mountain Guarijio(guarijío de la sierra) and River Guarijio(guarijío del río). The mountain variant is spoken in the Chihuahuan municipalities ofChínipas (settlements of Agua Caliente, Arroyo de la Yerba, Benjamín M. Chaparro (Santa Ana),Chínipas de Almada, El Manzanillal, El Trigo de Russo (El Trigo), El Triguito, Guazizaco, Ignacio Valenzuela (Loreto), Los Alamillos de Loreto, Los Llanitos, and Los Pinos),Moris (settlements of Bermudez, Casa Quemada, El Campo Mayo, El Gavilán, El Pilar, El Saucito (De Beltrán), La Cieneguita de Rodríguez, La Finca de Pesqueira, Los Terreros, Mesa Colorada,Moris, Río Santa María, Santa María Grande, Sierra Obscura (El Serruchito), and Trompa), andUruachi (settlements of Arechuyvo (Arechuivo), Aremeyvo, Arroyo Seco, Batopilillas, Boca Arroyo del Carrizo (Hornitos), Cachabachi, Cerro Blanco, Cuiteco, Chacharachi, Chagayvo, Chiltepín, El Barro, El Bosque,El Carrizo, El Cuzal, El Metate, El Pinito, El Revaje, Gosogachi, Guasaremos, Jecopaco, Jicamorachi, La Barranca, La Cueva de Diego, La Cumbre, La Mesa de Cereachi, La Nopalera, La Reforma, Las Pilas, Los Hornitos, Los Lajeros, Los Laureles, Mesa Quemada, Mocorichi de Arriba, Noriego, Pacayvo, Palmarito (Agua Caliente), San Juan, San Luis, Saucillo de Rico, Sipachi, Tesos, Tojiachi de Abajo, Toribisachi,Uruachi, and Venustiano Carranza (San Luis de Babarocos)).

The river variant is found in the Sonoran municipalities ofÁlamos (settlements of Bavícora, Burapaco, Casas Coloradas, Chorijoa, El Chalate, El Sauz, Guajaray, Huataturi, Jobeg I, La Sauceda, La Tribuna, Los Estrados, Mesa Colorada, Mochibampo, Ranch Nuevo,San Bernardo, Sejaqui, andTecoripa) andQuiriego (settlements ofBatacosa, El Frijolar, Los Bajíos (Ejido los Conejos), andQuiriego).[2]

Speakers of Mountain Guarijio self-identify asWarihó and call River Guarijio speakersmacurawe ormakulái. River Guarijio speakers call themselvesWarihío and call Mountain speakers "tarahumaras". Contact between the two groups is scant and, although the linguistic differences between the two are slight, speakers report that mutual comprehension is difficult.

Morphology

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Guarijio is anagglutinative language, where words are morphologically complex to accomplish various grammatical purposes, i.e. severalmorphemes are strung together. The Guarijio languagetypologically has the tendency to show a final verb order. However, the word order in Guarijio is rather free.[3]

Phonology

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The consonant inventory includes:[3]

LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosive/
Affricate
voicelessptt͡ʃkʔ
voicedbɡ
Fricatives(ʃ)h
Approximantwlɾj
Nasalmn

The vowel inventory includes:/i/,/e/,/a/,/o/,/u/.

Media

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Programming in Guarijio is carried by theCDI's radio stationXEETCH, broadcasting fromEtchojoa, Sonora.

References

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  1. ^Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020 INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020.
  2. ^"Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales".www.inali.gob.mx. Retrieved14 April 2023.
  3. ^abMiller, Wick R. (1996).Guarijío: Gramática, textos y vocabulario. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas.ISBN 968-36-4849-5.

External links

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Northern
Numic
Western
Central
Southern
Takic
Serran
Cupan
Other
Southern
Tepiman
Pimic
Tepehuan
Tarahumaran
Opatan
Cahita
Corachol
Aztecan
Nahuatl
Central
Huasteca
Western
Eastern
Other
History
Italics indicateextinct languages
Official/
Indigenous
100,000+
speakers
10,000-100,000
speakers
Under 10,000
speakers
Non-official
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Note: The list of official languages is ordered by decreasing size of population.
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