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In the national accounts,gross operating surplus[1] (GOS) is the portion of income derived from production byincorporated enterprises that are earned by the capital factor. It is calculated as a balancing item in the generation of income account[2] of the national accounts.
It differs fromprofits shown in company accounts for several reasons. Only a subset of total costs is subtracted from gross output to calculate the GOS. Essentially GOS is gross outputless the cost ofintermediate goods and services (to givegross value added) andlesscompensation of employees. It isgross because it makes no allowance for the depreciation of capital.
A similar concept for unincorporated enterprises (e.g. small family businesses like farms and retail shops or self-employed taxi drivers, lawyers and health professionals) isgross mixed-income. Since in most such cases it is difficult to distinguish between income from labour and income from capital, the balancing item in the generation of income account is "mixed" by including both, the remuneration of the capital and labour (of the family members and self-employed) used in production.[3]
Gross operating surplus and gross mixed income are used to calculateGDP using the income method.