It was one of the firstgeosocial apps forgay men when it launched in March 2009, and has since become the largest and most popular gay mobile app in the world.[3][4][5] It is available oniOS andAndroid devices in both free andpremium versions (the latter called Grindr XTRA and Grindr Unlimited). As of September 2023, Grindr has approximately 13.5 million monthly active users.[6]
The app allows users to create a personal profile and use theirGPS position to place them on a cascade, where they can browse other profiles sorted by distance and be viewed by nearby and faraway users depending on one's filter settings. Selecting a profile photo in the grid view will display that user's full profile and photos, as well as the option to chat, send a "tap," send pictures, video call, and share one's precise location.
Grindr was launched as aniOSmobile app on March 25, 2009, by tech entrepreneurJoel Simkhai inLos Angeles, California.[7] The free version displayed 100 profiles of nearby men, while apremium version ($2.99 plus a monthly fee) contained no advertising and broadened the dating pool to 200 men.[8] Cautious but generally positive reviews of the app circulated through the gay blogosphere on sites such asQueerty[9] and Joe My God.[10] By August 2009, there were 200,000 total users in Grindr's network.[8] By March 2010, there were 500,000.[11]
For its first anniversary on March 25, 2010, Grindr released the app forBlackBerry devices.[11]
In January 2011, Grindr won the iDate Award for Best Mobile Dating App.[12]
On March 7, 2011, Grindr launched the app forAndroid devices. Along with a free version, users could pay $4.97 for apremium version calledGrindr XTRA that featured nobanner ads, more profiles to choose from, more "favorites," andpush notifications of messages received while the app is running in the background.[13]
In January 2012, a vulnerability in the app's security software enabled hackers to change the profile picture of a small number of primarily Australian Grindr users to explicit images. Grindr subsequently commenced legal action and made software changes that blocked the site responsible.[14]
In January 2012, Grindr wonTechCrunch'sCrunchies Award for Best Location Application and two iDate Awards for Best Mobile Dating App and Best New Technology.[15][16] In April 2012, Grindr won theAbout.com Readers' Choice Award for Best Dating App, after 74 percent of readers chose Grindr overZoosk,SKOUT,Tagged, Tingle, and Are You Interested. In May 2012, the2012 Webby Awards named Grindr an Official Honoree in its "Social (Handheld Devices)" category.[17] Fewer than 15% of entries submitted to theWebby Award committee that year received the Official Honoree distinction, which recognizes the best in Internet content, services, and commerce.[18]
On June 18, 2012, Grindr announced that it had officially hit 4 million registered users in 192 countries across the globe.[19]
On July 22, 2012, after Grindr experienced a technical outage, British tabloidThe People (nowThe Sunday People) reported that Grindr's crash was due to the volume of usage upon the arrival of Olympic athletes in London for the2012 Summer Olympics looking for hook-ups.[20] The report caused rumors to circulate regarding the athletes' potentially scandalous sexual behavior. Grindr quashed the rumors the next day and blamed the outage on technical issues not related toserver demand.[21]
In August 2013, Grindr released an updated version of the app requiring users to verify their accounts by providing a valid email address. Grindr says this was done to reducespam and improveportability. Critics argued it stripped the app of itsanonymity.[22]
On September 30, 2013, Grindr introduced Grindr Tribes, allowing users to identify themselves with a niche group and filter their searches to better find their type. Grindr Tribes include:Bear, Clean-Cut, Daddy, Discreet, Geek, Jock, Leather, Otter, Poz, Rugged, Trans, andTwink. In addition to Tribes, Grindr users could now filter by Looking For.[23]
As of Grindr's fifth anniversary on March 25, 2014, the app was averaging more than 5 million active monthly users worldwide.[24]
In January 2016, Grindr announced that it had sold a 60% stake in the company for $93 million to a Chinesevideo game development firm, Kunlun Tech Co Ltd (formerly Beijing Kunlun Tech Co Ltd).[25][26][27] In January 2018, Kunlun purchased the remainder of the company for $152 million.[28]
In March 2018, Grindr introduced a new feature that, if opted into, sends the user a reminder every three to six months to get an HIV test.[29]
In July 2019, Grindr released Grindr Unlimited, a newpremium version of the app that allows subscribers to unsend messages, go Incognito, see unlimited profiles in the cascade, see who has viewed them, see typing status, and use all the premium features of Grindr XTRA.[32] In November 2019, Grindr launched Grindr Web, a free desktop version of the app built for users who prefer to chat from their computer or laptop. Designed for "quick and discreet" chat while at the office, it employs a genericemail interface and mimicscomputer file folders in place of user profiles.[33] This service has since been made a feature of the paid version, Grindr Unlimited.
In March 2020, Kunlun announced that it would sell its 98.59% stake in Grindr to U.S.-based San Vicente Acquisition LLC for $608.5 million.[34] Grindr's senior management and core employees would continue to hold 1.41% of the company's shares after the transaction.[35] Towards the end of the same year, Grindr was reported to have about 13 million monthly users.[36]
Grindr announced it will go public viaSPAC in May 2022.[37] This came to fruition in November 2022, when Grindr went public on theNew York Stock Exchange.[38]
In May 2023, Grindr relaunched Grindr Web limited only to XTRA and Unlimited subscribers. In August 2023, Grindr mandated that allremote workers—including workers that were specifically hired with a "remote worker" designation—relocate to hub cities in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Washington D.C., providing workers with only two weeks advance notice to comply. By September 2023, 46% of Grindr's 178 workers either quit or were terminated due to non-compliance with the company'sreturn to in-office work policy, in a damaging blow to employee retention. TheCommunications Workers of America (CWA) protested that the mandate was in response to employees' effort to organize a union, and in response, they filed two lawsuits alleging unfair labor practices with theUS National Labor Relations Board.[39][40]
In 2025, Grindr tested gAI (pronounced gay-eye), with sixA.I. features, intended for a premium version of the app.[41]
In August 2017, Grindr launched its own in-housedigital magazine,Into, which focused on queer media and culture.[42][43] It won journalism awards from theNLGJA andTransgender Legal Defense and Education Fund.[44]Into was notable for featuring nonwhite, non-cisgender queer people in its programming, unlike much legacy queer media.[45]Into started the same year asThem, and both were seen as younger, hipper, and more diverse alternatives to older magazines likeThe Advocate andOut.[46]
Into has been noted for publishing an article in November 2018, criticizing Grindr president Scott Chen for comments he made on marriage equality that have been characterized as homophobic.[42][43] Two weeks after the article was released, Grindr's head of communications, Landon Rafe Zumwalt, stepped down in protest against Chen's remarks.Into's managing editor,Zach Stafford, left a week later, without commenting on his reasons for leaving.[44] In January 2019, Grindr laid off the editorial staff ofInto, citing a desire to "[shift] our focus to video content".[42] The staff disputed this reasoning, claiming the video team had also been dismissed.[47]
Into was revived in May 2021 by LGBTQ digital media company Q.Digital.[48]
In March 2021, it was announced that Grindr was stepping into the "original scripted content space" with a debut web series titledBridesman.[49] The series, created by John Onieal and directed by Julian Buchanan, went into production the same month and made its world premiere at theOutfest Film Festival on August 14, 2021.[50] The series consists of six episodes[51] and starsJimmy Fowlie,Sydnee Washington and Shanon DeVido.[49] The show was co-written by John Onieal and Frank Spiro, and produced by Jeremy Truong and Katie White under Truong's company rubbertape.[49]
In February 2012, Grindr formed Grindr for Equality (G4E), a geotargeted political service designed to raise awareness of LGBT equality issues. Ahead of the2012 U.S. elections, it encouraged users to register to vote and provided information about pro-LGBT candidates in their areas.[56]
G4E has since evolved into an international LGBTQ health and human rights program. In November 2019, it granted a total of $100,000 to organizations and activists providing direct services and advocacy to the LGBTQ communities in the Middle East and North Africa.[57]
In December 2019, Grindr took measures to protect users in countries in which they may be at risk for being LGBTQ, unveiling new security features for them and automatically disabling their distance feature.[60][61]
Grindr has been criticized for not taking sufficient action to moderate the display of offensive, racist, and homophobic language by some of its users.[63] In June 2014, when asked about hateful speech on Grindr, the app's creatorJoel Simkhai said in an interview with the Israeli newspaperHaaretz that he "didn't like it" but he "[isn't] a sixth grade teacher" and it "[isn't his] job to police such things."[64]
The app was criticized in the past for allowing users to sort users byethnicity, which some thought wasdiscriminatory. This was removed in June 2020, following social media complaints.[65][66][67]
In August 2014, it was reported that Grindr's relative distance measurements could facilitatetrilateration, thereby pinpointing individual users' near-exact location.[70] A proof of concept was published, and more than 2 million detections were performed within a few days.[71] Authorities inEgypt allegedly used the app to track and arrest gay men.[72][73] Grindr responded by temporarily disabling distance display globally.[74]
In May 2016, a group of computer scientists fromKyoto University demonstrated how location pinpointing is still possible in the app even when a user is hiding their distance from public display.[75] By exploiting a novel attack model called colluding-trilateration, locating any targeted user becomes a very easy and cheap task without employing any special hacking technique. The attack model works with anylocation-based service app that shows profiles of nearby users in order of proximity, not just Grindr.[76]
In May 2022, it was reported that Grindr's user location data has been collected and sold through a digital advertising network since 2017, before Grindr curtailed data sharing with its advertising partners in 2020. Historical data from this period may still be obtainable.[77]
In April 2018, a Norwegian non-profitresearch organization reported that Grindr's data bundles sold to third-party companies could potentially contain some users' sensitive personal information such as HIV status and HIV testing dates. The discovery generated widespread scrutiny of Grindr's privacy practices. In response, Grindr released a statement stating "Grindr has never sold, nor will we ever sell, personally identifiable user information – especially information regarding HIV status or last test date – to third parties or advertisers. As an industry standard practice, Grindr does work with highly-regarded [software] vendors to test and optimize our platform. These vendors are under strict contractual terms that provide for the highest level of confidentiality, data security, and user privacy."[78][79][80]
On January 14, 2020, a report was published by theNorwegian Consumer Council which alleged that Grindr had violated the European Union's General Data Privacy Regulation (GDPR) rules. The council asserted that Grindr has sent user data to at least 135 advertisers.[81][82] The main concerns of the allegations were for sharing personal information, including users' locations and information about their device. These details could potentially indicate the sexual orientation of a user without their consent.[83] After review from theNorwegian Data protection Authority, it was ruled that Grindr was in violation of the GDPR and fined €10 million.[84]
In October 2020, a security researcher discovered a vulnerability in the password reset process. Anyone was able to take over an account using only the email address.[85]
In April 2024, Grindr was the subject of a lawsuit lodged at theHigh Court in London for mishandling user data, including the use of "covert tracking technology" and sharing sensitive user data – including HIV status – with third party analytics companies.[86][87]
Research has estimated that half of sexually active gay and bisexual adolescents use applications like Grindr.[88] Grindr does not verify the age of users, nor are they required to under US law, due toSection 230 of theCommunications Decency Act.[89]
The use of fake profiles on Grindr by homophobic predators to entrap and assault LGBTQ people is common in various countries.[90][91]
A 2023 report byHuman Rights Watch documents the widespread use of fake profiles on digital platforms like Grindr, by police to entrap, extort money from, or physically torture LGBTQ people in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Tunisia.[92]
Scholars such as Jamie Hakim, Sharif Mowlabocus and Andrew DJ Shield have explored Grindr culture in creating and regulating socio-sexual networks.[93] These researchers assert that Grindr functions not only as a platform for casual encounters, but also as a tool for navigating queer life, especially in contexts where LGBTQ+ individuals face stigma or limited public visibility. Research topics include the following:
Racial and body politics – Interactions on Grindr reproduce social hierarchies based on race, body type, age, and gender presentation. Researchers critique how profile language like "no fats, no fems, no Asians" reflects broader systems of exclusion and fetishization.[94]
Queer geographies – Grindr is seen as reshaping spatial and urban experiences by enabling users to locate each other in real time, effectively creating what scholars call "queer micro-geographies."[95]
Migration and precarity – Migrants and refugees use Grindr to find social support, and navigate integration.[96]
^Hakim, Jamie (2022).Work That Body: Male Bodies in Digital Culture. Rowman & Littlefield.ISBN9781783489801.{{cite book}}:Check|isbn= value: checksum (help)
^Shield, Andrew DJ (2017).Immigrants in the Sexual Revolution: Perceptions and Participation in Northwest Europe. Palgrave Macmillan.ISBN9783319636641.
^Mowlabocus, Sharif (2010).Gaydar Culture: Gay Men, Technology and Embodiment in the Digital Age. Ashgate.ISBN9780754677162.{{cite book}}:Check|isbn= value: checksum (help)
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