Genus of flowering plants
Grewia damine flowers inHyderabad , IndiaGrewia flavescens flowers in HyderabadGrewia tiliaefolia flowers in HyderabadGrewia /ˈ ɡ r uː i ə / is a largeflowering plant genus in the mallowfamily Malvaceae , in the expanded sense as proposed by theAngiosperm Phylogeny Group . Formerly,Grewia was placed in either the familyTiliaceae or theSparrmanniaceae . However, these were both notmonophyletic with respect to otherMalvales - as already indicated by the uncertainties surrounding placement ofGrewia and similar genera - and have thus been merged into theMalvaceae . Together with the bulk of the formerSparrmanniaceae ,Grewia is in thesubfamily Grewioideae and therein thetribe Grewieae , of which it is thetype genus .[ 2]
The genus was named byCarl Linnaeus , in honor of the botanistNehemiah Grew (1641-1712) from England. Grew was one of the leading plantanatomists andmicroscope researchers of his time, and his study ofpollen laid the groundwork for modern-daypalynology .
SeveralLepidoptera caterpillars are found to feed onGrewia species. These include thecommon nawab (Polyura athamas ) and theswift moth Endoclita malabaricus . TheBucculatricidae leaf miner Bucculatrix epibathra is apparently only found onG. tiliaefolia .
Theparasitic wasp Aprostocetus psyllidis of theEulophidae occurs on and aroundphalsa (G. asiatica ). Its larvae areparasitoids of other insects - possiblypests of the plant, but this is not known for sure.
Several species, namely phalsa, are known for their edible fruit, which are of local commercial importance. Theastringent and refreshingGrewia drupes are particularly popular in summertime.Folk medicine makes use of some species, which are reputed to cure upset stomachs and some skin and intestinal infections, and seem to have mildantibiotic properties.G. mollis is reputed to containβ-carboline alkaloids ,[ 3] though whether such compounds occur in other species too and whether they are produced in quantities to render the plantspsychoactive has not been thoroughly studied.
InMyanmar , the bark of the tree ofGrewia polygama (Burmese : တရော်) orGrewia eriocarpa (Burmese : ပင်တရော်) is mixed with the soapykinpun (Senegalia rugata ) fruit and sometimeslime to make the traditional shampootayaw kinpun ,[ 4] which remains widely used by the Burmese people and commonly sold in the country's open-air markets, typically in plastic bags.[ 5] [ 6]
ExplorerLudwig Leichhardt described preparing a refreshing drink from the seeds of native Australian speciesG. polygama .[ 7]
Grewia abutifolia (=G. sclerophylla Roxb. ex G. Don ,Sterculia tiliacea Leveille )Grewia afra Meisn. (=G. fruticetorum J.R.Drummond ex Baker f. )Grewia asiatica – phalsa, falsaGrewia avellana Hiern. (=G. calycina N.E.Br. ,G. hydrophila K.Schum. ,G. perennans K.Schum. )Grewia bicolor Juss. (=G. disticha Dinter & Burret ,G. grisea ,G. kwebensis N.E.Br. ,G. miniata Mast. ex Hiern. ,G. mossambicensis )Grewia biloba G.Don –Bilobed Grewia (=G. biloba var.glabrescens (Benth.) Rehder ,G. glabrescens Benth. ,G. parviflora var.glabrescens (Benth.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson )Grewia biloba var.microphylla (Maxim) Hand.-Mazz. (=G. parviflora var.microphylla Maxim. )Grewia biloba var.parviflora (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz. (=G. chanetii H.Lév. ,G. parviflora Bunge ,G. parviflora var.velutina Pampanini )Grewia bilocularis Balf.f. Grewia calymmatosepala K.Schum. Grewia celtidifolia Juss. (=G. asiatica var.celtidifolia (Jussieu) L.F.Gagnepain ,G. simaoensis Y.Y.Qian ,G. yunnanensis H.T.Chang )Grewia ciclea andilambarika (Malagasy )Grewia crenata (J.R.Forst.) Schinz & Guillaumin (=G. malococca, G. persicaefolia, G. prunifolia, Mallococca crenata ) –au‘ere (Cook Islands ),fau ui (Samoa ),fo ui (Tonga )Grewia damine Gaertn. (=G. tiliifolia Vahl )Grewia eriocarpa Juss. (=G. boehmeriifolia Kanehira & Sasaki ,G. elastica Royle ,G. lantsangensis Hu )Grewia falcistipula K.Schum. Grewia flava DC. (=G. cana Sond. ,G. hermannioides Harv. )Grewia flavescens Juss. (=G. flavescens var.longipedunculata Burret )Grewia glabra Blume – sometimes included inG. multiflora Grewia glandulosa Vahl (=G. salicifolia Schinz )Grewia goetzeana K.Schum. Grewia hexamita Burret (=G. messinica Burtt Davy & Greenway ,G. schweickerdtii Burret )Grewia hirsuta Vahl. Grewia hornbyi Wild Grewia inaequilatera Garcke Grewia insularis Ridl. (Christmas Island )Grewia lasiocarpa E.Mey. ex Harv. Grewia latifolia F.Muell. ex Benth. Grewia limae Wild Grewia microthyrsa K.Schum. ex Burret Grewia mollis Juss. Grewia monticola Sond. (=G. cordata N.E.Br. ,G. discolor ,N.E.Br. )Grewia multiflora Juss. (=G. didyma Roxb. ex G.Don ,G. disperma Rottler ,G. guazumifolia Juss. ,G. jinghongensis Y.Y.Qian ,G. oblongifolia Blume ,G. serrulata DC. )Grewia occidentalis L. – CrossberryGrewia olukondae Schinz. (=G. flavescens var.olukondae (Schinz) Wild )Grewia optiva J.R.Drumm. ex Burret (=G. oppositifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don )Grewia orientalis Carl Linnaeus Grewia oxyphylla Burret Grewia pachycalyx K.Schum. Grewia picta (=G. aldabrensis Baker Grewia retinervis Burret (=G. deserticola Ulbr. )Grewia retusifolia Kurz Grewia robusta Burch Grewia rothii DC Grewia savannicola ("Dogs balls")R.L.Barrett [ 8] [ 9] Grewia schinzii K.Schum. (=G. velutinissima Dunkley )Grewia similis K.Schum. Grewia stolzii Ulbr. Grewia sulcata Mast. Grewis tembensis Fresen. [ 10] Grewia tenax (Forssk.) (=Chadara tenax Forssk. ,G. populifolia Vahl )Grewia tiliifolia Vahl (=G. rotunda C.Y.Wu ,G. tiliaefolia (lapsus ) ,Tilia rotunda C.Y.Wu & H.T.Chang )Grewia transzambesica Wild Grewia turbinata Balf.f. Grewia villosa Willd. Formerly placed here [ edit ] Some species once placed inGrewia (or genera synonymous with it) have since been moved elsewhere, particularly toMicrocos :[ 11]
Kleinhovia hospita was formerly known asGrewia meyeniana ^ Hinsley (2008a) ^ Heywoodet al. (2007) ^ Brown (2001) ^ Yadu (31 August 2019)."မှေးမှိန်လာနေတဲ့ တရော်ကင်ပွန်းသုံးစွဲခြင်း အလေ့အထ" .The Myanmar Times (in Burmese).Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved2 August 2022 . ^ "Myanmar Shampoo" .www.myanmars.net . 13 November 2018.Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved2 August 2022 .^ "Yan Win (Taung Da Gar) – Myanmar Shampoo" .THIT HTOO LWIN (Daily News) (in Burmese). 16 April 2011.Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved2 August 2022 .^ Maiden, Joseph H. (1889).The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania . Turner and Henderson, Sydney. p. 34 .^ Barrett, R. L. (2019).Three new species of Corchorus L. and Grewia L. (Sparmanniaceae / Malvaceae subfamily Grewioideae) from northern Australia, an earlier name in Grewia, and recircumscription of Triumfetta kenneallyi Halford Austrobaileya 10(3): 458–472 (2019). ^ Kristy Sexton-McGrath (2019-09-09)." 'Dog's balls' shrub to be recognised as a new species, but colloquial name to remain" . Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved2019-09-09 . ^ Bussmann, R. W., et al. (2006).Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2 22. ^ Hinsley (2008a), USDA (2008a) ^ Hinsley (2008b) Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Grewia .
Brown, Dan (2001):Angiosperm Families Containing Beta-Carbolines . Version of 2001-OCT-04. Retrieved 2008-JUN-25.Heywood, V.H.; Brummitt, R.K.; Culham, A. & Seberg, O. (2007):Flowering Plant Families of the World . Firefly Books, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada.ISBN 1-55407-206-9 Hinsley, Stewart R. (2008a):Partial Synonymy ofGrewia . Retrieved 2008-JUN-25.Hinsley, Stewart R. (2008b):Partial Synonymy ofDombeya . Retrieved 2008-JUN-25.United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2007a): Germplasm Resources Information Network -Grewia . Retrieved 2008-JUN-25.United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2007b):USDA Plants Profile:Grewia . Retrieved 2008-JUN-25.