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Green Ukraine Зелений клин | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1917–1922 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
 Proposed territory of Green Ukraine | |||||||||
| Status | Unrecognized, Self-declared entity | ||||||||
| Head of government | |||||||||
• 1918—1922 | Yurii Hlushko | ||||||||
| Historical era | Russian Civil War | ||||||||
• Established | 24 June 1917 | ||||||||
• Independence | April 1918 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1922 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Russia | ||||||||
Green Ukraine,[a] also known asZelenyi Klyn[b] orZakytaishchyna,[c][note 1][3][4] is a Ukrainian name for a would-be independent Ukrainian state in the southernRussian Far East area between theAmur River and thePacific Ocean, an area roughly corresponding toOuter Manchuria.
After the establishment of theBolshevikFar Eastern Republic on April 6, 1920, Far Eastern areas with a significant ethnicUkrainian minority population discussed the possibility of establishing an entity called Green Ukraine.[5][6][7] This movement quickly proved abortive.
Geographically, Green Ukraine borders the present-dayNorth Korea, in thespecial city ofRason and the Chinese provinces ofHeilongjiang andJilin.
TheZeleny Klyn was an area of land settled byUkrainians which is a part of theRussian Far East in the area of theAmur River and thePacific Ocean. Ukrainian settlers named it. The territory consists of over 1,000,000 square kilometres and has a population of 3.1 million (1958). The Ukrainian population in 1897 made up 15% of thePrimorskaya Oblast's population.[8]
The territory was also informally known asUkrainian:Закитайщина,romanized: Zakytaishchyna, "Trans-China", i.e., "land beyond China".[9][10][11]
Zeleny Klyn became part of theRussian Empire much later thanSiberia and other parts of the Far East. The first attempts at colonizing the area date back to the mid-17th century whenYerofey Khabarov founded the fort ofAlbazin on theAmur River. From that time, constant skirmishes took place with theManchu people ofChina. In 1689 China and Russia signed theTreaty of Nerchinsk, which granted Russia limited territory.
In the mid 19th century, the second Russian expansion took place after Russia lost theCrimean War (1853–1856). A number of Cossack settlements were established on the Amur river.China had become far weaker than Russia at the time and ceded territory to Russia in theTreaty of Aigun of 1858 and by theConvention of Peking of 1860 (seeAmur Annexation).
During this period, only a small number of settlers settled in the region consisting of some 14,000Cossacks and 2,500Russian soldiers. In 1861, two oblasts were established, thePrimorsky andAmur.Khabarovsk was founded in 1858,Vladivostok in 1860.
In 1882, free transportation was announced for settlers to the area from Ukraine and free land was offered to settlers. By 1897, the population had increased to 310,000. With the establishment of the railroad in 1901, over 14,000 settlers were moving to the area per year, with a maximum of 78,000 settlers moving there in 1907.
After 1917,[citation needed] the area came under the jurisdiction of AdmiralAlexander Kolchak. In 1920, theFar Eastern Republic was established as a buffer republic between Russia andJapan. In 1922, the republic joined with theRussian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. In 1934, theJewish Autonomous Oblast region was established with its capital atBirobidzhan.
This term was also used forYellow Ukraine (in theVolga Region),[12]Pink Ukraine (inKuban)[13] andGrey Ukraine (in southernSiberia and northernKazakhstan).[14][15]
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Head of theKrai Secretariat:
The Green Ukraine was located in theOuter Manchuria, extending acrossAmur River,Zeya,Svobodny,Blagoveshchensk,Ussuriland, to the north,Nikolayevsk-on-Amur,Khabarovsk,Vladivostok. to the south. The Green Ukraine had a roughly 2,500 km coastline along the Pacific Ocean that extended from theSea of Japan, to theSea of Okhotsk. Green Ukraine was nearby theSakhalin island and theJapanese archipelago.
Most of theSlavic population wereChristians. The localTungusic peoples followed local religions; someAshkenazi Jews in areas around the present-dayJewish Autonomous Oblast practicedJudaism.
In "Flags of Non-Russian Peoples Under Soviet Rule" by Prof. Walter Trembicky [tbc69], pages 134 and 135, it mentions two proposed flags for Green Ukraine, or the Ukrainian Far East, neither of which was officially adopted, since the movement quickly proved abortive. There are simple black & white line drawings illustrating the two proposed flags on p. 133 of [tbc69]. The green in the two flags was described as dark or deep green. ... One [of the two proposed flags] was the Ukrainian blue-over-gold bicolor with a green triangle at the hoist.
