Green Party of the United States | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=logo} | |
| Governing body | Green National Committee |
| Co-chairs | |
| Founders | Howie Hawkins John Rensenbrink |
| Split from | Greens/Green Party USA |
| Headquarters | Takoma Park, Maryland |
| Membership(July 2025) |  261,091[1] |
| Ideology | Green politics Progressivism[2] Eco-socialism[3][4] Libertarian socialism[5] |
| Political position | Left-wing[6] |
| International affiliation | Global Greens (formerly)[7][8] |
| Colors | Green |
| Seats in theSenate | 0 / 100 |
| Seats in theHouse of Representatives | 0 / 435 |
| State governorships | 0 / 50 |
| Seats instate upper chambers | 0 / 1,972 |
| Seats instate lower chambers | 0 / 5,411 |
| Territorial governorships | 0 / 5 |
| Seats interritorial upper chambers | 0 / 97 |
| Seats interritorial lower chambers | 0 / 91 |
| Other elected officials | 163 (June 2025)[update][9][10] |
| Election symbol | |
 | |
| Website | |
www | |
TheGreen Party of the United States (GPUS) is a federation ofGreen statepolitical parties in the United States.[11] The party promotesgreen politics, specificallyenvironmentalism,nonviolence,social justice,participatory democracy,anti-war, andanti-racism. As of 2023,[update] it is the fourth-largestpolitical party in the United States byvoter registration, behind theLibertarian Party.[12]
The direct predecessor of the GPUS was theAssociation of State Green Parties (ASGP). In the late 1990s, the ASGP, which formed in 1996,[13] had increasingly distanced itself from theGreens/Green Party USA (G/GPUSA),[14] America's then-primarygreen organization which had formed in 1991 out of the Green Committees of Correspondence, a collection of local green groups active since 1984.[15] In 2001, the GPUS was officially founded as the ASGP split from the G/GPUSA. After its founding, the GPUS soon became the primary national green organization in the country, surpassing the G/GPUSA.John Rensenbrink andHowie Hawkins were co-founders of the Green Party.[16]
The Greens (as ASGP) first gained widespread public attention during the2000 presidential election, when the ticket composed ofRalph Nader andWinona LaDuke won 2.7% of the popular vote, raising questions as towhether they spoiled the election in favor ofGeorge W. Bush.[17][18][19][20] Nader has dismissed the notion that he and other Green candidates arespoilers.[21]
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The political movement that began in 1985 as the decentralized Committees of Correspondence[22][23] evolved into a more centralized structure by 1990, opening a national clearinghouse and forming governing bodies, bylaws and a platform as the Green Committees of Correspondence;[23] by 1990, it was known simply as The Greens. The organization conducted grassroots organizing efforts, educational activities and electoral campaigns.
Internal divisions arose between members who saw electoral politics as ultimately corrupting and supported the notion of an "anti-party party" formed byPetra Kelly and other leaders of theGreens inGermany[24] vs. those who saw electoral strategies as a crucial engine of social change. A struggle for the direction of the organization culminated in a "compromise agreement", ratified in 1990 at the Greens National Congress inElkins, West Virginia, in which both strategies would be accommodated within the same527 political organization renamed theGreens/Green Party USA (G/GPUSA). It was recognized by theFEC as a national political party in 1991.
The compromise agreement subsequently collapsed and twoGreen Party organizations co-existed in the United States until 2019 when the Greens/Green Party USA was dissolved. The Green Politics Network was organized in 1990 and the National Association of Statewide Green Parties formed by 1994. Divisions between those pressing to break onto the national political stage and those aiming to grow roots at the local level continued to widen during the 1990s. TheAssociation of State Green Parties (ASGP) encouraged and backed Nader's presidential runs in 1996 and 2000. By 2001, the push to separate electoral activity from the G/GPUSA issue-based organizing led to the Boston Proposal and the subsequent rise of the Green Party of the United States. The G/GPUSA lost most of its affiliates in the next few months and dropped its FEC national party status in the year 2005.
Howie Hawkins announced his candidacy for President in the2020 United States presidential election on April 3, 2019, seeking the Green nomination,[25] and later became the nominee.[26]
On August 17, 2024, Jill Stein andButch Ware officially became the 2024 Green Party's nominees for President and Vice President, winning 267 out of the 287 Green delegate votes at their national convention.[27] Their campaign primarily focused on social justice reforms, labor rights, healthcare, economic restructuring, and demilitarizing.[28] The party also campaigned heavily on endingAmerican aid to Israel during theGaza war and particularly attacked Democratic candidates Joe Biden and Kamala Harris.[29]
The Stein/Ware ticket came in third place, securing 862,049 votes.[30]
On February 3, Butch Ware announced that he would be campaigning to become theGovernor of California in the2026 California gubernatorial election.[31]
On August 29, former presidential candidate Jill Stein spoke at and attended the second annualPeople's Conference for Palestine.[32] She spoke in favor of the UN imposing an arms embargo, trade boycott, divestment, and utilizing theUnited Nations Protection Force.
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The Green Party has two national committees recognized by theFederal Election Commission (FEC):
The GNC is composed of delegates elected by affiliated state parties. The state parties also appoint delegates to serve on the various standing committees of the GNC. The National Committee elects a steering committee of seven co-chairs, a secretary and a treasurer to oversee daily operations. The National Committee performs most of its business online, but it also holds an annual national meeting to conduct business in person.[34]
Five Identity Caucuses have achieved representation on the GNC:
Other caucuses have worked toward formal recognition by the GNC:
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The Green Party of the United States follows the ideals ofgreen politics, which are based on theFour Pillars, namely:[44][23]
The Ten Key Values, which expand upon the Four Pillars, are as follows:[45][23]
The Green Party doesn't accept donations from corporations,political action committees (PACs),527(c) organizations orsoft money. The party'splatforms and rhetoric harshly criticize corporate influence and control over government, media, and society at large.[46]
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Variants
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In 2016, the Green Party passed a motion in favor of rejecting bothcapitalism andstate socialism, supporting instead an "alternative economic system based on ecology and decentralization of power".[47] The motion states the change that the party says could be described as promoting "ecological socialism", "communalism", or perhaps the "cooperative commonwealth".[47] The Green Party rejection of both state socialism and capitalism and their promotion of communalism which was created by libertarian socialistMurray Bookchin places the Green Party into the ideology oflibertarian socialism.[5] The eco-socialist economy the Green Party of the United States wants to create is similar to the market socialistmutualist economics ofProudhon which consists of a large sector of democratically controlled public enterprises, a large sector of cooperative enterprises, and a smaller sector of small businesses and self-employed.[48][49] Consumer goods and services would be sold to consumers in the market by cooperatives, public enterprises, and small businesses.[48] Services that would be for free include health care, education, child care, and urban mass transit. Goods and services that would be available at low cost would include public housing, power, broadband, and water.[48]Howie Hawkins who was nominated by the Green Party to run for president of the United States in 2020 identifies as alibertarian socialist.[50]
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The Green Party supports the implementation of asingle-payer healthcare system and the abolition of private health insurance in the United States.[51] They have also called forcontraception andabortion procedures to be available on demand.[52] The Green Party has called for the repeal of theHyde Amendment, an act that prohibits the use of federal taxpayer funds for abortions, unless in the cases of rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother.[51]
The Green Party calls for providingtuition-free college atpublic universities andvocational schools, increasing funding forafter-school anddaycare programs, cancelling allstudent loan debt, and repealing theNo Child Left Behind Act. They are strongly against the dissolution of public schools and theprivatization of education.[53]
In 2006, the Green Party developed aGreen New Deal that would ultimately serve as a transitional plan to a 100%clean,renewable energy including solar and wind energy by 2030 utilizing acarbon tax,jobs guarantee, tuition-free college,single-payer healthcare and a focus on using public programs.[3][54]
Howie Hawkins focused his gubernatorial campaign on the Green New Deal, which was the first time the policy was introduced.[55]Jill Stein also developed her presidential campaign based on the Green New Deal.[56]
The Green Party favors theabolition of the death penalty, repeal ofthree-strikes laws,banning of private prisons,legalization of marijuana, anddecriminalization of other drugs.[57]
The Green Party advocates for "complete and full"reparations to theAfrican American community, as well theremoval of the Confederate flag from all government buildings.[58]
The party supportssame-sex marriage, theright of access tomedical andsurgical treatment fortransgender andgender-nonconforming people, and withdrawingforeign aid tocountries with poor LGBT+ rights records. The party opposesgender-critical feminism.[58]
The party supportsyouth rights. They reject the idea that young people are property of their parents or guardians. They support providing mothers withprenatal care. They opposechild abuse andneglect and support young people's rights tofood,shelter,healthcare, andeducation. They supportgreater student input into their education andsex education and opposeadvertisements in schools. They support lowering thevoting age to 16.[58]
In the early decades of Green organizing in the United States, the prevailing American system of money-dominated elections was universally rejected by Greens, so that some Greens were reluctant to have Greens participate in the election system at all because they deemed thecampaign finance system inherently corrupt. Other Greens felt strongly that the Green Party should develop in the electoral arena and many of these Greens felt that adopting an alternative model of campaign finance, emphasizing self-imposed contribution limits, would present a wholesome and attractive contrast to the odious campaign finance practices of the money-dominated major parties.[citation needed]
Over the years, some state Green parties have come to place less emphasis on the principle of self-imposed limits than they did in the past. Nevertheless, it is safe to say that Green Party fundraising (for candidates' campaigns and for the party itself) still tends to rely on relatively small contributions and that Greens generally decry not only the rise of theSuper PACs, but also the big-money system, which some Greens criticize asplutocracy.[citation needed]
Some Greens feel that the Green Party's position should be simply to follow the laws and regulations of campaign finance.[59] Other Greens argue that it would injure the Green Party not to practice a principled stand against the anti-democratic influence of money in the political process. Candidates for office, likeJill Stein, the 2012[60] and 2016 Green Party nominee for the President of the United States, typically rely on smaller donations to fund their campaigns.[citation needed]
The Green Party calls on the United States to join theInternational Criminal Court, and sign theComprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty andNon-Proliferation Treaty. Additionally, it supports cutting thedefense budget in half, as well as prohibiting allarms sales to foreign countries.[61]
The Green Party supports the 2015Iran nuclear deal to decrease sanctions while limitingIran's capacity to makenuclear weapons.[62]
The Green Party advocates for thePalestinian right of return and cutting allU.S. aid to Israel. It has also expressed support for theBoycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement.[63] The Green Party supports "...the creation of one secular, democratic state for Palestinians and Israelis on the land between theMediterranean Sea and the River Jordan as the national home of both peoples, with Jerusalem as its capital."[64]
The Green Party called for a ceasefire in theGaza war and condemnedIsraeli war crimes in theGaza Strip.[65][66]
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| Party | Percentage (2022)[67] |
|---|---|
| Democratic | 38.73% |
| Republican | 29.6% |
| Libertarian | 0.6% |
| Green | 0.19% |
| Constitution | 0.11% |
The Green Party's membership encompasses the fourth-highest percentage of registered voters in the United States, with a total membership of 261,091 in July 2025.[1]The Green Party has its strongest popular support on the Pacific Coast, Upper Great Lakes, and Northeast, as reflected in the geographical distribution of Green candidates elected.[68] As of June 2007[update], Californians have elected 55 of the 226 office-holding Greens nationwide. Other states with high numbers of Green elected officials includePennsylvania (31),Wisconsin (23),Massachusetts (18) andMaine (17). Maine has the highest per capita number of Green elected officials in the country and the largest Green registration percentage with more than 29,273 Greens comprising 2.95% of the electorate as of November 2006[update].[69]Madison, Wisconsin is the city with the most Green elected officials (8), followed byPortland, Maine (7).
The 2016presidential campaign ofJill Stein got substantive support from counties and precincts with a high percentage ofNative American population. For instance, inSioux County (North Dakota, 84.1% Native American), Stein gained her best county-wide result: 10.4% of the votes. InRolette County (also North Dakota, 77% Native American), she got 4.7% of the votes. Other majority Native American counties where Stein did above state average areMenominee (WI),Roosevelt (MT) and several precincts inAlaska.[70][71]
At its peak in 2004, the Green Party had 318,931 registered members in states allowing party registration and tens of thousands of members and contributors in the rest of the country.[72][73]
| Year | Number of members |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 249,276 |
| 2023 | 242,882 |
| 2022 | 238,552 |
| 2021 | 246,088 |
| 2020 | 248,071 |
| 2019 | 258,028 |
| 2018 | 257,939 |
| 2017 | 260,874 |
| 2016 | 258,444 |
| 2015 | 256,929 |
| 2014 | 251,900 |
| 2013 | 252,328 |
| 2012 | 251,976 |
| 2011 | 243,226 |
| 2010 | 248,488 |
| 2009 | 249,542 |
| 2008 | 262,050 |
| 2007 | 273,938 |
| 2006 | 297,285 |
| 2005 | 298,031 |
| 2004 | 318,931 |
| 2003 | 302,226 |
| 2002 | 277,241 |
| 2001 | 232,651 |
| 2000 | 204,321 |
| 1999 | 129,183 |
| 1998 | 123,650 |
| 1997 | 110,229 |
| 1996 | 113,440 |
| 1995 | 88,505 |
| 1994 | 92,094 |
| 1993 | 96,113 |
| 1992 | 102,830 |
| 1991 | 101,286 |
| 1990 | 9,552 |
| 1989 | 142 |
| 1988 | 109 |
| 1987 | 24 |
| 1986 | 24 |
The following is a list of accredited state parties which comprise the Green Party of the United States.[75]
TheGreen National Convention is scheduled in presidential election years and the Annual National Meeting is scheduled in other years.[77] TheGreen National Committee conducts business online between these in-person meetings.
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As of July 2024[update], 143 officeholders in the United States were affiliated with the Green Party.[9] The party has not had any representation in federal or statewide offices.[78]
Previously in 2016, the majority of them were inCalifornia, several inIllinois,Connecticut,Maine,Massachusetts,Oregon,Pennsylvania, andWisconsin, with five or fewer in ten other states. These included one mayor and one deputy mayor and fourteen county or city commissioners (or equivalent). The remainder were members of school boards, clerks and other local administrative bodies and positions.[79]
Several Green Party members have been elected to state-level office, though not always as affiliates of the party.John Eder was elected to theMaine House of Representatives, re-elected in 2004, but defeated in 2006.Audie Bock was elected to theCalifornia State Assembly in 1999, but switched her registration to independent seven months later[80] running as such in the 2000 election.[81]Richard Carroll was elected to theArkansas House of Representatives in 2008, but switched parties to become a Democrat five months after his election.[82]Fred Smith was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives in 2012,[83] but re-registered as a Democrat in 2014.[84] In 2010, former Green Party leaderBen Chipman was elected to the Maine House of Representatives as anunenrolled candidate and was re-elected in 2012 and 2014. He has since registered as a Democrat, and is serving in the Maine Senate.[85][86]
Gayle McLaughlin was twice elected mayor ofRichmond, California, defeating two Democrats in 2006[87] and then reelected in 2010; and elected to City Council in 2014 after completing her second term as mayor.[88] With a population of over 100,000 people, it was the largest American city with a Green mayor.Fairfax, California;Arcata, California;Sebastopol, California; andNew Paltz, New York are the only towns in the United States to have had a Green Party majority in theirtown councils. Twin Ridges Elementary inNevada County, California held the first Green Party majority school board in the United States.[89]
On September 21, 2017,Ralph Chapman, a member of the Maine House of Representatives, switched his party registration from unaffiliated to Green, providing the Green Party with their first state-level representative since 2014.[90]Henry John Bear became a member of the Green Party in the same year as Chapman, giving the Maine Green Independent Party and GPUS its second currently-serving state representative, though Bear is a nonvoting tribal member of the Maine House of Representatives.
Though several Green congressional candidates have topped 20%, no nominee of the Green Party has been elected to office in the federal government. In 2016, Mark Salazar set a new record for a Green Party nominee for Congress. Running in the Arizona 8th district against incumbent Republican CongressmanTrent Franks, Salazar received 93,954 votes or 31.43%.[91]
With exception to state legislatures and major city councils, all other legislative bodies included in the following chronological table had/have more than two affiliated members simultaneously serving in office.[92][93]
| Years | Government position | Jurisdiction | State | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001–2022 | Minority (1/13 seats) 2001–2005: (2/13 seats) | Minneapolis City Council |  Minnesota | |
| 2018–2019 | Minority (1/141 seats) | Maryland House of Delegates |  Maryland | |
| 2017–2018 | Minority (2/154* seats)[a] | Maine House of Representatives |  Maine | |
| 2002–2006 | Minority (1/151 seats) | |||
| 2016–2017 | Minority (2/5 seats) | Anoka Water Conservation District | Minnesota | |
| 2013–2015 | Minority (1/100 seats) | Arkansas House of Representatives |  Arkansas | |
| 2008–2009 | Minority (1/100 seats) | |||
| 2002–2014 | Minority Fluctuated (3–4 out of 9 seats) | Berkeley Rent Stabilization Board |  California | |
| 2009–2013 | Majority (3/5 seats) | Fairfax Town Council | California | |
| 2004–2008 | Minority (2/5 seats) | |||
| 1990–2012 | Minority Fluctuated (2–5 out of 30 seats) | Douglas County Board of Supervisors |  Wisconsin | |
| 2001–2009 | Minority Fluctuated (2–4 out of 20 seats) | Madison Common Council | Wisconsin | |
| 1998–2008 | Minority Fluctuated (2–4 out of 39 seats) | Dane County Board of Supervisors | Wisconsin | |
| 2004–2008 | Minority Fluctuated (3–4 out of 29 seats) | Portage County Board of Supervisors | Wisconsin | |
| 2000–2008 | Majority (3/5 seats) | Sebastopol City Council | California | |
| 2004–2007 | Minority Fluctuated (2–4 out of 9 seats) | Portland Board of Education | Maine | |
| 2003–2007 | Minority (2/7 seats) | Kalamazoo City Commission |  Michigan | |
| 2004–2006; 1996–1998 | Majority (3/5 seats) | Arcata City Council | California | |
| 2002–2004; 1998–2000 | Minority (2/5 seats) | |||
| 2002–2006 | Majority (3/5 seats) | School Board of Twin Ridges Elementary | California | |
| 2003–2004 | Majority (3/5 seats) | New Paltz Village Council |  New York | |
| 2002–2004 | Minority (1/80 seats) | New Jersey General Assembly |  New Jersey | |
| 1998–2004 | Minority (2/7 seats) | Santa Monica City Council | California | |
| 2001–2003 | Minority (2/30 seats) | New Haven Board of Aldermen |  Connecticut | |
| 2000–2002 | Minority (2/8 seats) | Salem City Council |  Oregon | |
| 2000–2002 | Minority (2/8 seats) | Santa Fe City Council |  New Mexico | |
| 1995–2002 | Minority (2/5 seats) | Point Arena Town Council | California | |
| 1999 | Minority (1/80 seats) | California State Assembly | California | |
| 1996–1998 | Minority (2/8 seats) | Fayetteville City Council | Arkansas |
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| Ballot Access of the Green Party of the United States | ||||||
| 2004[94][95] | 2008[96][97] | 2012[98][99] | 2016[100][101] | 2020[102] | 2024[103] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of states + D.C. (number of write-in states) | 28 (14) | 33 (10) | 37 (6) | 45 (3) | 30 (17) | 39 (1) |
| Possible electoral votes (possible write-in electoral votes) | 294 (201)[a] | 413 (68) | 439 (47)[b] | 480 (42) | 381 (133) | +420 (68)[c] |
| Alabama | Not on ballot | On ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | ||
| Alaska | On ballot | Not on ballot | On ballot | (write-in)[d] | On ballot | |
| Arizona | (write-in) | On ballot | (write-in) | On ballot[106] | ||
| Arkansas | On ballot | |||||
| California | On ballot | |||||
| Colorado | On ballot | |||||
| Connecticut | On ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | |||
| Delaware | On ballot | |||||
| District of Columbia | On ballot | |||||
| Florida | On ballot | |||||
| Georgia | (write-in) | On ballot | ||||
| Hawaii | On ballot | |||||
| Idaho | (write-in) | On ballot | (write-in) | |||
| Illinois | (write-in) | On ballot | (write-in) | |||
| Indiana | (write-in) | TBD | ||||
| Iowa | On ballot | TBD | ||||
| Kansas | (write-in) | On ballot[107] | (write-in) | TBD | ||
| Kentucky | Not on ballot | On ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | ||
| Louisiana | On ballot | Not on ballot | On ballot | |||
| Maine | On ballot | |||||
| Maryland | On ballot | |||||
| Massachusetts | On ballot | TBD | ||||
| Michigan | On ballot | |||||
| Minnesota | On ballot | |||||
| Mississippi | On ballot | |||||
| Missouri | Not on ballot | (write-in) | Not on ballot | On ballot | ||
| Montana | On ballot | (write-in) | Not on ballot | On ballot | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Nebraska | On ballot | Not on ballot | On ballot | (write-in) | TBD | |
| Nevada | On ballot | Not on ballot | TBD[108] | |||
| New Hampshire | Not on ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | |
| New Jersey | On ballot | |||||
| New Mexico | On ballot | |||||
| New York | (write-in) | On ballot | (write-in) | |||
| North Carolina | (write-in) | Not on ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | ||
| North Dakota | Not on ballot | On ballot | (write-in) | TBD | ||
| Ohio | (write-in) | On ballot | ||||
| Oklahoma | Not on ballot | TBD | ||||
| Oregon | On ballot | |||||
| Pennsylvania | On ballot | Not on ballot | On ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | |
| Rhode Island | On ballot[109] | (write-in) | TBD | |||
| South Carolina | On ballot | |||||
| South Dakota | Not on ballot | TBD | ||||
| Tennessee | (write-in) | On ballot | ||||
| Texas | (write-in) | On ballot | ||||
| Utah | (write-in) | On ballot | ||||
| Vermont | Not on ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | TBD | ||
| Virginia | (write-in) | On ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | ||
| Washington | On ballot | |||||
| West Virginia | (write-in) | On ballot | ||||
| Wisconsin | On ballot | (write-in) | On ballot | |||
| Wyoming | Not on ballot | On ballot | (write-in) | TBD | ||
| Ballot Access of the Association of State Green Parties[a] | ||
| 1996[110][111] | 2000[112][113] | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of states + D.C. (number of write-in states) | 22 (14) | 44 (4) |
| Possible electoral votes (possible write-in electoral votes) | 239 (200)[b] | 481 (32) |
| Alabama | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| Alaska | On ballot | |
| Arizona | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Arkansas | On ballot | |
| California | On ballot | |
| Colorado | On ballot | |
| Connecticut | On ballot | |
| Delaware | (write-in) | On ballot |
| District of Columbia | On ballot | |
| Florida | On ballot | |
| Georgia | Not on ballot | (write-in) |
| Hawaii | On ballot | |
| Idaho | Not on ballot | (write-in) |
| Illinois | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Indiana | (write-in) | |
| Iowa | On ballot | |
| Kansas | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Kentucky | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Louisiana | On ballot | |
| Maine | On ballot | |
| Maryland | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Massachusetts | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Michigan | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Minnesota | On ballot | |
| Mississippi | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| Missouri | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Montana | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| Nebraska | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| Nevada | On ballot | |
| New Hampshire | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| New Jersey | On ballot | |
| New Mexico | On ballot | |
| New York | On ballot | |
| North Carolina | (write-in) | Not on ballot |
| North Dakota | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| Ohio | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Oklahoma | Not on ballot | |
| Oregon | On ballot | |
| Pennsylvania | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Rhode Island | On ballot | |
| South Carolina | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| South Dakota | Not on ballot | |
| Tennessee | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| Texas | (write-in) | On ballot |
| Utah | On ballot | |
| Vermont | On ballot | |
| Virginia | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| Washington | On ballot | |
| West Virginia | Not on ballot | On ballot |
| Wisconsin | On ballot | |
| Wyoming | Not on ballot | (write-in) |
| Year | Presidential/vice presidential candidate | Popular votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPUS | ||||||
| 2024 | Jill Stein/Butch Ware (campaign) | 868,963 | 0.6% (Third) | 0 EV |   | |
| 2020 | Howie Hawkins/Angela Walker (campaign) | 407,068 | 0.3% (Fourth) | 0 EV |  .jpg) | |
| 2016 | Jill Stein/Ajamu Baraka (campaign) | 1,457,218 | 1.1% (Fourth) | 0 EV[a] | .jpg) _(cropped).jpg) | |
| 2012 | Jill Stein/Cheri Honkala (campaign) | 469,627 | 0.4% (Fourth) | 0 EV | .jpg)  | |
| 2008 | Cynthia McKinney/Rosa Clemente (campaign)[b] | 161,797 | 0.1% (Sixth) | 0 EV |   | |
| 2004 | David Cobb/Pat LaMarche (campaign)[c] | 119,859 | 0.1% (Sixth) | 0 EV | _(cropped).jpg)  | |
| ASGP | ||||||
| 2000 | Ralph Nader/Winona LaDuke (campaign) | 2,882,897 | 2.7% (Third) | 0 EV | .JPG) _(cropped).jpg) | |
| 1996 | Ralph Nader/Winona LaDuke (campaign)[d][e] | 684,902 | 0.7% (Fourth) | 0 EV | | |
| Election year | No. of overall general election votes | % of overall vote | No. of overall seats won | +/- |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G/GPUSA | ||||
| 1992 | 134,072 | 0.14 | 0 / 435 | |
| 1994 | 52,096 | 0.07 | 0 / 435 | |
| ASGP | ||||
| 1996 | 42,510 | 0.05 | 0 / 435 | |
| 1998 | 70,932 | 0.11 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2000 | 260,087 | 0.26 | 0 / 435 | |
| GPUS | ||||
| 2002 | 297,187 | 0.40 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2004 | 344,549 | 0.30 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2006 | 243,391 | 0.29 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2008 | 580,263 | 0.47 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2010 | 252,688 | 0.29 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2012 | 372,996 | 0.30 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2014 | 246,567 | 0.30 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2016 | 515,263[115] | 0.42? | 0 / 435 | |
| 2018 | 276,877 | 0.22 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2020 | 90,121 | 0.06 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2022 | 69,802 | 0.06 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2024 | 182,841 | 0.12 | 0 / 435 | |
| Election year | No. of overall general election votes | % of overall vote | No. of overall seats won | +/- |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASGP | ||||
| 2000 | 685,289 | 0.90 | 0 / 34 | |
| GPUS | ||||
| 2002 | 94,702 | 0.20 | 0 / 34 | |
| 2004 | 157,671 | 0.20 | 0 / 34 | |
| 2006 | 295,935 | 0.50 | 0 / 33 | |
| 2008 | 427,427 | 0.70 | 0 / 33 | |
| 2010 | 516,517 | 0.80 | 0 / 37 | |
| 2012 | 212,103 | 0.20 | 0 / 33 | |
| 2014 | 152,555 | 0.32 | 0 / 33 | |
| 2016 | 695,604[116] | 0.72 | 0 / 33 | |
| 2018 | 200,599[a] | 0.22 | 0 / 33 | |
| 2020 | 258,348 | 0.03 | 0 / 33 | |
| 2022 | 87,964 | 0.10 | 0 / 35 | |
| 2024 | 288,495 | 0.?? | 0 / 34 | |
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Bold indicates race where Green candidate was elected to office
| Office | Percent | District | Year | Candidate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| President | 10.07% | Alaska | 2000 | Ralph Nader |
| 6.92% | Vermont | 2000 | ||
| 6.42% | Massachusetts | 2000 | ||
| US Senate | 20.5% | Arkansas | 2008 | Rebekah Kennedy |
| 15.4% | District of Columbia | 2018[b] | Eleanor Ory | |
| 14.3% | District of Columbia | 2006[c] | Joyce Robinson-Paul | |
| US House | 31.5% | Arizona District 8 | 2016 | Mark Salazar |
| 27.5% | California District 34 | 2018 | Kenneth Mejia | |
| 23.2% | Arkansas District 2 | 2008 | Deb McFarland | |
| Governor | 10.4% | Illinois | 2006 | Rich Whitney |
| 10.3% | New Mexico | 1994 | Roberto Mondragón | |
| 9.5% | Maine | 2006 | Pat LaMarche | |
| Other statewide | 32.7% | New Mexico State Treasurer | 1994 | Lorenzo Garcia |
| 32.4% | Arkansas State Treasurer | 2010 | Bobby Tullis | |
| 26.7% | Arkansas Attorney General | 2010 | Rebekah Kennedy | |
| State Legislature | 67.1% | Maine District 38 | 2002 | John Eder |
| 50.9% | Maine District 118 | 2004 | ||
| 48.4% | Maine District 118 | 2006 |
Campaigns run by the Green Party have been seen by some analysts and academics astossing the election outcomes in favor ofRepublican candidates – most notablyGeorge W. Bush in 2000[17][18][19][20] andDonald Trump in 2016.[117] In 2019, former Green presidential candidateRalph Nader told theWashingtonian that, while he still does not consider himself a spoiler, he regretted not entering the2000 Democratic primary.[118]
A 2020New York Times article highlighted instances where supporters of a Republican candidate worked to get the Green Party on ballots in close races hoping that it would split votes away fromDemocratic candidate, including during the2020 presidential election.[119]
In September 2024, Democratic CongresswomanAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez criticized the Green Party's political strategy as "predatory", alleging that they have failed to build political power at the local level while only "show[ing] up every four years" to run presidential candidates. She contrasted their approach with that of theWorking Families Party.[120]
On November 1, 2024,Green parties across Europe urgedJill Stein to drop out and endorseKamala Harris, arguing that Stein risked electing Donald Trump by staying in therace.[121]
On December 27, 2024,James Skoufis accused the Green Party of spoiling the2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania in favor ofDave McCormick.[122]
TheUnited States Senate's probe into Russian election interference investigated Jill Stein and the Green Party for potential collusion and looked to better understand why and how Russia was promoting the party.[123]Politico andNewsweek reported that Russian state actors covertly promoted Stein and other Green Party candidates onFacebook prior to the2016 elections.[117][124]NBC News reported that a "growing body of evidence [exists] that [shows] the Russians worked to boost the Stein campaign as part of the effort to siphon support away from Democratic candidateHillary Clinton and tilt the election to Trump."[123] NBC News additionally documented over 100 instances where Stein appeared on Russian state media, receiving favorable coverage.[123] In 2015, Stein was photographed dining at the same table as Russian presidentVladimir Putin at theRT 10th anniversary gala in Moscow, leading to further controversy.[123] Stein contended that she had no contact with Putin at the dinner and described the situation as a "non-event".[125] One of the possible Green Party 2016 VP candidates worked for RT while the VP candidate Stein ultimately chosen also often appeared on the network criticizingNATO as 'Gangster states'.[126] Stein also met withSergey Lavrov at an RT Gala in New York.[126]
Stein's 2016 foreign policy positions regarding Russian topics have been considered by some to have mirrored those of the Russian government, in some instances, including concerning theannexation of Crimea.[123][124] Stein condemned Russia's2022 invasion of Ukraine, but claimed that Russia was provoked byNATO's eastward expansion.[4]
On October 16, 2019, a joint candidate letter called for reform in the Green Party's presidential primary process in response to the party's announcement that it would remove unrecognized candidates from its website list that November, an effort which Green candidates claimed was being to done to help theHawkins campaign secure the party's nomination.[127] This was followed by allegations ofconflicts of interest among the party's leadership, members of which the candidates believed were helping party co-founderHowie Hawkins, and of an alleged overlooking of a violation of Green Party rules that would have disqualified Hawkins from running as a Green, due to him also seeking theSocialist Party's nomination.[127]
After the 2020 Green Party Nominating Convention named Hawkins as their presidential candidate, runner-upDario Hunter announced that he would run as an independent candidate. Hunter cited alleged irregularities and undemocratic processes throughout the primary, arguing that party leaders had committed "ethical lapses" to ensure Hawkins' nomination, and criticizing Hawkins for what he saw as his "imperialist perspective" and "CIA talking points."[128]
Friday's statement from the European Greens highlighted the "divergent values and policies" of the European and U.S. Greens, noting "there is no link between the two as the US Greens are no longer a member of the global organization of Green parties."
The parties said there was "no link" between the Greens in Europe and the US. "The US Greens are no longer a member of the global organisation of Green parties," they wrote.
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