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Namaqualand (Khoikhoi: "Nama-kwa" meaningNamaKhoi people's land) is an arid region ofNamibia andSouth Africa, extending along the west coast over 1,000 km (600 mi) and covering a total area of 440,000 km2 (170,000 sq mi). It is divided by the lower course of theOrange River into two portions – Little Namaqualand to the south and Great Namaqualand to the north.
Little Namaqualand is within theNamakwa District Municipality, forming part ofNorthern Cape Province, South Africa. It is geographically the largest district in the country, spanning over 26,836 km2.[1] A typical municipality isKamiesberg Local Municipality. The semidesertSucculent Karoo region experiences hot summers, sparse rainfall, and cold winters.[1]
Great Namaqualand, in theKaras Region ofNamibia, is sparsely populated by theNama, aKhoikhoi people who have traditionally inhabited the Namaqualand region.
The area’s landscape ranges from an unexploited coastal strip in the west to semidesert areas in the north-east. Famed for its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, its wild flowers during spring, its wealth of minerals, and cultural history, Namaqualand is a popular region for international and local tourists. The Namakwa coastline and the banks of the Orange River are popular for their hiking trails and off-roading routes.[1]
The beginning of the flower season varies from year to year, but usually occurs between August and October. The natural landscape is continually monitored with the first sign of spring and flower season being the arrival of Namakwa daisies. When purple vygies bloom, spring is coming to an end.[1]
The Namaqua National Park is situated west of theN7, one of South Africa's national roads. This conservation area is a greatbiodiversity hotspot, with the highest concentration of succulent plants of any of the world's arid regions. More than a thousand of its estimated 3500 floral species cannot be found anywhere else in the world.[2]
TheAi-Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park, on the border of Namibia and South Africa, was known as the Richtersveld National Park in South Africa and the Ai-Ais Hot Springs Game Park in Namibia before the two parks were formally combined in August 2003.[1] What was once the Richtersveld National Park nurtures about 30% of South Africa’s succulent species.
Some of the more prominent towns in this area areSpringbok, being the largest in the region, andKleinzee andKoiingnaas, both private mining towns owned byDe Beers Diamond Mines. This area is quite rich inalluvial diamonds deposited along the coast by the Orange River.Oranjemund is another mining town along this coast, situated in Namibia, but very much on the border. As the name suggests, it is at the mouth of the Orange River, which forms the border between South Africa and Namibia.
The town ofAlexander Bay is located 5 km (3.1 mi) away opposite the river on the South African side and is linked to Oranjemund by theErnest Oppenheimer Bridge. Other links crossing the river further upstream are a reintroduced pontoon at Sendelingsdrift in the Richtersveld National Park, and road bridges atVioolsdrif (the main border crossing between the two countries) and at the remote border crossing ofOnseepkans.
A vibrant fishing industry is found along this stretch of the South African west coast, especially inPort Nolloth, the major resort town of Namaqualand, andHondeklipbaai, or Dogstonebay, called such because of a large boulder outside the town, which when viewed correctly, looks vaguely like a dog sitting down.
Since the 19th century, copper has been mined at Springbok and its surrounding towns such as Okiep,[3][4][5] while a large mine extracting copper, lead, zinc, and silver is located atAggeneys, 110 kilometres (70 mi) further inland.
The region is known for its cultural history, which was preserved by theNama andKhoisan tribes. The Nama people are a group ofKhoikhoi people. Around 50% of the Nama population and 80% of the neighboringHerero population were brutally killed by the German Empire between 1904 and 1907 in a racial extermination during theHerero and Nama genocide.[6][7] Nama people traditionally speak theKhoekhoe language.[8]
Community-based climate-adaptation and grazing-management projects in Namaqualand have been supported through the Community Adaptation Small Grants Facility, facilitated in the Namakwa area byConservation South Africa.[9][10]
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