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Great Ejection

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Ejected minister" redirects here. For other religious ministers removals, seedefrocking. For removing political ministers, seecabinet shuffle. For other, seedismissal.
1662 purge of Puritan ministers in the Church of England

Title page of a collection of Farewell Sermons preached by ministers ejected from their parishes in 1662

TheGreat Ejection followed theAct of Uniformity 1662 inEngland. Several thousandPuritan ministers were forced out of their positions in theChurch of England following theRestoration ofCharles II. It was a consequence (not necessarily an intended one) of theSavoy Conference of 1661.[1]

History

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The Act of Uniformity prescribed that any minister who refused to conform to the1662Book of Common Prayer bySt Bartholomew's Day (24 August) 1662 should be ejected from the Church of England. This date became known as "Black Bartholomew's Day" amongDissenters, a reference to the fact that it occurred on the same day as the 1572St Bartholomew's Day massacre of French Protestants.Oliver Heywood estimated the number of ministers ejected at 2,500.[2] This includedJames Ashurst,Richard Baxter,Edmund Calamy the Elder,Simeon Ashe,Thomas Case,John Flavel,William Jenkyn,Joseph Caryl,Benjamin Needler,Thomas Brooks,Thomas Manton,William Sclater,Thomas Doolittle, andThomas Watson. Biographical details of ejected ministers were later collected by the historianEdmund Calamy, grandson of Calamy the elder.

Although there had already been ministers outside the established church, the Great Ejection created an abiding concept ofNonconformity. Strict religious tests of theClarendon Code and otherPenal Laws left a substantial section of English society excluded from public affairs and university degrees for a century and a half.

Historiography

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TheMemorial Hall onAlbert Square, Manchester, built to commemorate the bicentennial of the Great Ejection, at the suggestion ofJohn Relly Beard[3]

The bicentennial in 1862 led to a sharp debate, with the Nonconformist agenda being questioned, and the account in Calamy being reviewed.[4]

Iain Murray argues that the issue was deeper than "phrases in theBook of Common Prayer and forms of church order," but regarded the "nature of true Christianity".[5]

TheMemorial Hall onAlbert Square, Manchester and theCongregational Memorial Hall in Farringdon Street, London, were built to commemorate the bicentennial of the Great Ejection.

Legacy

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TheBishop of Liverpool,J. C. Ryle (1816–1900), referred to the Ejection as an "injury to the cause of true religion in England which will probably never be repaired".[6]

A Service of Reconciliation was held atWestminster Abbey on 7 February 2012 to mark the 350th anniversary of the Great Ejection.Rowan Williams, thenArchbishop of Canterbury, preached at the service which was attended by clergy and laity of the Church of England and theUnited Reformed Church.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^William L. Sachs (4 July 2002),The Transformation of Anglicanism: From State Church to Global Communion,Cambridge University Press, pp. 11–12,ISBN 978-0-521-52661-6, retrieved28 November 2012
  2. ^"Calamy, Edmund (1671-1732)" .Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
  3. ^Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885)."Beard, John Relly" .Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  4. ^Timothy Larsen (2004).Contested Christianity: The Political and Social Contexts of Victorian Theology.Baylor University Press. p. 159.ISBN 978-0-918954-93-0.
  5. ^Murray, Iain (1962), "Sermons of the Great Ejection: Introduction",Banner of Truth Trust,8, London
  6. ^Ryle, J. C.,History of the Later Puritans, p. 469
  7. ^A Service of Reconciliation, Healing of Memories and Mutual Commitment for the Church of England and the United Reformed Church, Westminster Abbey, retrieved1 February 2012

Further reading

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